Unit 1 Flashcards

(103 cards)

1
Q

what are the 3 major components of a spun sample of blood?

A

plasma
buffy coat
hematocrit

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2
Q

what are the four subcomponents of plasma?

A

water
ions
organic solutes
nitrogenous waste

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3
Q

what two molecules bind to hemoglobin?

A

oxygen & co2

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4
Q

what 3 leukocytes are considered granulocytes?

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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5
Q

what 2 leukocytes are considered granulocytes?

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

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6
Q

what is the process of hemostasis?

A

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

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7
Q

what is preload?

A

the amount of nlood in the heart prior to contraction

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8
Q

if endocrine hormones are in circulation, the stroke volume will

A

increase

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9
Q

how long does an erythrocyte live?

A

120 days

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10
Q

the health of erythrocytes is checked by

A

the spleen

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11
Q

erythrocytes are destroyed when they become too

A

rigid

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12
Q

when iron is taken out of the liver, the remaining substances are converted into

A

bilirubin

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13
Q

what is used in the intestine that emulsifies fats

A

bile

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14
Q

what organ checks if erythropoiesis needs to occur

A

kidneys

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15
Q

what organ checks if leukopoiesis needs to occur?

A

immune system

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16
Q

what organ checks if thrombopoiesis needs to occur?

A

liver

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17
Q

what cells are created as a result of erythropoiesis?

A

erythrocytes

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18
Q

what cells are created as a result of leukopoiesis?

A

leukocytes

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19
Q

what cells are created as a result of thrombopoiesis?

A

platelets

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20
Q

where does erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis all occur?

A

red bone marrow

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21
Q

what area of an EKG does atrial depolarization occur?

A

p wave

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22
Q

what area of an EKG does ventricular repolarization occur?

A

t wave

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23
Q

what area of an EKG does ventricular depolarization occur?

A

qrs wave

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24
Q

what area of an EKG does ventricular contraction occur?

A

st segment

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25
what area of an EKG does action of the AV node occur?
pr interval
26
what is premature ventricular contraction caused by?
ectopic focus
27
what is atrial flutter caused by?
ectopic focus
28
what is ventricular tachycardia caused by?
ectopic focus
29
what is the flow of electricity through the intrinsic conduction system?
sa node, atrial conduction fibers, av node, av bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
30
what is the universal recipient?
AB+
31
what is the universal donor?
O-
32
If a person's blood type is A-, what agglutinins will they have?
Anti-B & Anti-RH (you fight off what you dont have)
33
What is the path an erythrocyte would travel through the heart?
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, lung circulation, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
34
what leukocyte rolls along the interior of the blood vessels and can enter a tissue and devour pathogens if needed?
neutrophil
35
what leukocyte is used by the specific immune system to target and destroy pathogens in the body?
lymphocyte
36
what leukocyte is inactive in the blood, but eventually enters a tissue and resides there the rest of their life. and has ability to devour pathogens?
monocyte
37
what leukocyte attacks larger organisms that cannot be engulfed and destroyed by other leukocytes?
eosinophils
38
what leukocyte has its effects blocked by antihistamine?
basophil
39
what has the ability to intrinsic conduction cells to spontaneously depolarize?
automaticity
40
what is the rescue act of compressing the chest to manipulate valves and bring blood to the brain
CPR
41
what is happeneing when electricity is used to stop aberrant electrical events im the heart so the SA node can take over pacing?
defibrillation
42
what term is used to describe lack of O2 in the whole body?
hypoxia
43
what term is used to describe the lack of O2 in a specific tissue?
ischemia
44
when looking outside of the heart, the deflated atria is called
auricles
45
the pacemaker of the heart is called the
SA node
46
the structure that delays electrical info from the atria to ventricles is the
AV node
47
what term is used to describe the amount of force the ventricles contract with in order to move blood
contractility
48
what term is used to describe the amount of blood volume the ventricles can pump in one heartbeat
stroke volume
49
what do we expect to find in plasma?
hormones glucose NA+
50
What do we expect to find in the buffy coat?
platelets neutrophils eosinophils
51
what does we expect to find in hematocrit?
hemoglobin A, B, & Rh
52
when referring to someone's blood type, we are referring to the _____ that are on the surface of the erythrocytes
glycoproteins
53
if a person has an unsuccessful blood transfusion, _____ will attack the transfused blood
agglutinins
54
if blood pressure increases to a tissue, the ___ would increase
hydrostatic pressure (directly related to bp)
55
why is the muscular pump necessary?
veins have very little pressure to drive blood flow. it compensates for the low pressure by driving blood flow with skeletal muscles and the valves inside the veins
56
what is the respiratory pump necessary?
similar to muscular pump. fight gravity and create a stronger blood flow.
57
what does the respiratory pump do?
uses the diaphragm to create a pressure difference between the abdomen and thorax
58
what structures does the artery contain?
tunica externa tunica media tunica interna
59
what structures does a capillary contain?
tunica interna (intima)
60
what structures does a vein contain?
tunica externa tunica media tunica interna valves
61
if an erythrocyte has just left the heart what is the correct sequence?
aorta, brachial artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, basilic vein, vena cava
62
is diastolic the top or bottom # on bp?
bottom
63
what is the equation for pulse pressure?
systolic - diastolic
64
what is the MAP equation?
(2dia+sys)/3
65
what artery does the brain receive blood from?
carotid
66
what artery does the heart receive blood from?
coronary
67
what artery does the liver receive blood from?
hepatic
68
what artery does the kidney receive blood from?
renal
69
what artery does the stomach receive blood from?
gastric
70
what artery does the intestine receive blood from?
mesenteric
71
erythrocytes go through the capillaries of the lungs primarily to bind the molecule ____ & release the molecule ______.
O2 CO2
72
when the same erythrocytes pass through the capillary bed of a tissue like the liver, they release ____ and bind ____
O2 CO2
73
when an erythrocyte leaves the heart it is about ____% saturated with O2?
100
74
when an erythrocyte goes through a capillary bed it gives up ____% of O2?
25
75
If measuring O2 concentration of the blood in the systemic veins, we should expect the blood to be _____% saturated with O2
75
76
what is the predicted O2 % in the left atrium?
100%
77
what is the predicted O2 % in the inferior vena cava?
75
78
what is the predicted O2 % in the pulmonary artery?
75
79
what is the predicted O2 % in the venule of the foot?
75
80
what is the predicted O2 % in the renal artery?
100
81
the inner lining of an artery is called?
tunica intima
82
what layer of an artery contains the smooth muscle?
tunica media
83
what two main factors can damage the tunica intima and tunica media?
bp and cholesterol
84
what increases the process of arteriosclerosis to disease levels?
atherosclerosis
85
in systemic veins is blood flowing towards or away from the heart?
toward
86
what is the correct way an erythrocyte would flow through veins?
great saphenous external iliac common iliac inferior vena cava
87
what is the correct order an erythrocyte would flow through arteries
brachiocephalic subclavian axillary brachial
88
what is described as a part of the adaptive/specific immune system?
lymphocyte
89
what part of hemoglobin binds to O2?
heme
90
what leukocyte transforms into a macrophage and then devours colonies of pathogens?
monocyte
91
all cells of the blood begins as
hematopoietic stem cells
92
what organ monitors if platelet levels are too low
liver
93
which chemical inhibits hemostasis?
protein c
94
what 3 anticoagulants are released by a healthy blood vessel
antithrombin heparan protein c
95
the ____ pericardium adheres to the outside of the heart
visceral
96
what is functional syncyctium?
cells of the heart working together
97
what is automaticity?
the ability of cardiac cells to depolarize on their own
98
what conducts electrical impulses through the interventricular septum?
bundle branches
99
capillaries are a single layer of
tunica intima
100
blood in the inferior vena cava is pulled into the right atrium each time
a person inhales
101
what force should we expect to always be highest in normal capillary beds?
hydrostatic pressue
102
what blood vessel would we expect to have the lowest pressure
subclavian vein
103