Unit 1

Question 1

The Skeletal system

Answer 1

divided into two groups: the axial and the appendicular skeleton for a total of 206 bones in the body.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

• Consists of 126 bones that append to the axial skeleton
• Protection of digestive/exertive and reproductive organs
• Attachment of ligament and muscles allowing movement
• Blood cell formation

Question 3

Axial Skeleton

Answer 3

• Protect the brain / heart / lung / spinal cord / digestive organs
• Provides structure and support for upright position
• transfer weight to the lower extremities

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

Bones that are longer than wide
ex - femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

Bones that are as wide as they are wide
ex - carpals of the hand, tarsals of the foot

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

Broad, flat, plates used for protection and muscular attachment.
ex - skull, rib cage, sternum

Question 7

Anterior

Answer 7

Front

Question 7

Irregular bones

Answer 7

have peculiar shapes and cannot be grouped in the other bone categories
ex - vertebrae, coccyx

Question 7

Posterior

Answer 7

Back

Question 8

Superior

Answer 8

towards the head (above)

Question 9

Inferior

Answer 9

Towards the feet (below)

Question 10

proximal

Answer 10

closer to reference point; nearest

Question 11

Distal

Answer 11

Farther from point of reference

Question 12

Lateral

Answer 12

towards outside

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

closer to inside

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

a flexible connective tissue found between the bones of joints. Acts as a cushion between the joints and reduces friction in movement.

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

dense, flexible tissue. Connects bone to bone at a joint.

Question 16

Tendon

Answer 16

Consists of dense collagen fibers and connect muscle to bone.

Question 17

Joint

Answer 17

point where 2 or more bones articulate allowing movement.

Question 18

Fibrous joint

Answer 18

immovable. held together by fibrous connective tissue.
ex - between cranial bones

Question 19

Cartilaginous

Answer 19

Joint held together by cartilage. Slightly moveable.

Question 20

Synovial joint

Answer 20

found between bones that move against each other. Fluid inside these joints.

Question 21

Hinge joint

Answer 21

Type of synovial joint. Allow flexation and extension along one plane.
ex - elbow, knee

Question 22

Ball and socket joint

Answer 22

Type of synovial joint. Allow movements except gliding.
ex - shoulder, hips

Question 23

Condyloid joint

Answer 23

Type of synovial joint. Allow flexation, extension, abduction. ex - wrists, between metacarpals and phalanges.

Question 24

pivot joint

Answer 24

Type of synovial joint. One bone rotates about another. ex - neck, radius and ulna.

Question 25

gliding joint

Answer 25

Type of synovial joint. Permits slight sliding and gliding movement. ex - spine, wrist, ankles

Question 26

Saddle joint

Answer 26

Type of synovial joint. Same movement as condyloid joint ex - thumb

Question 27

Contractibility

Answer 27

Characteristic of muscle tissue. The ability of the muscle to shorten.

Question 28

Extensibility

Answer 28

Characteristic of muscle tissue. The ability of the muscle to lengthen.

Question 29

Elasticity

Answer 29

Characteristic of muscle tissue. The ability of the muscle to return to its normal size.

Question 30

Atrophy

Answer 30

Characteristic of muscle tissue. A decrease in the size of muscle tissue.

Question 31

Hypertrophy

Answer 31

Characteristic of muscle tissue. An increase in the size of muscle tissue.

Question 32

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 32

Involuntary muscle tissue that lines the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and the digestive tract. no striations.

Question 33

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 33

involuntary striated muscle tissue responsible for rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Question 34

Origin

Answer 34

the point of attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

Question 35

Insertion

Answer 35

the point of attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone.