Unit 1 Flashcards by shealyn jablonski

Mod 1: Define: A fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago.

Fossil Fuel

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Mod 1: Define: a method of oil and gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open rock deep underground.

Fracking (Hydraulic Fracturing)

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Mod 1: The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.

Environment

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Mod 1: Define: Living

Biotic

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Mod 1: Define: nonliving

Abiotic

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Mod 1: Define: A social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, and education.

Environmentalism

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Mod 1: Define: The field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects, such as environmental policy, economic, literature, and ethics.

Environmental Studies

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Mod 1: Which is an abiotic component?
a) an eagle
b) a rock
c) a tree
d) a human

b) a rock

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Mod 1: Impacts of fracking include
I. contamination of ground water
II. increased use of coal
III. Lower natural gas prices
a) I only
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I and III

d) I and III

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Mod 1: Which is not true about ecosystems?
a) they include biotic components
b) They can be a wide range of sizes
c) They include no human components
d) many interactions among species occur in them

C) They include no human components

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Mod 1: Each of the following is an example of how humans have negatively affected the environment EXCEPT
a) hunting large mammals
b) conversion of arid land to agricultural use
c) the use of fire to create the great plains
d) slash and burn forest clearing

c) the use of fire to create the great plains

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Mod 1: Define: a particular location on Earth with interacting components that include abiotic and biotic

Ecosystem

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Mod 1: The way humans alter and continue to alter our environment.

pollution
contributing to extinction of wildlife
help in creating new ecosystems

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Mod 3: an objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, predict the outcome of certain events, process changes

Scientific Method

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Mod 3: a testable conjuncture about how something works.

Hypothesis

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Mod 3: any categories, conditions, factors, or traits that differ in the natural world or experimental situations

Variables

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Mod 3: a prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared.

Null hypothesis

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Mod 3: The data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

Replication

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Mod 3: The number of times a measurement is replicated in collection

Sample Size (n)

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Mod 3: How close a measured value is to the actual value or true value

Accuracy

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Mod 3: How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

Precision

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Mod 3: an estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value.

uncertainty

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Mod 3: a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by researchers and groups and has had wide acceptance

Theory

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Mod 3: a groups that experiences the same conditions except for the single variable under study.

Control Group

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Mod 3: a natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem.

Natural Experiment

Mod 3: Unique challenges that environmental studies faces (4)

1. No baseline data (control planet) 2. Subjectivity (people have diff. values and opinions) 3. Interactions (complexity of natural and human dominated systems) 4. Human well being (basic needs are the first priority, not environmental science)

Mod 4: anything that occupies space and has mass

matter

Mod 4: a measurement of the amount of matter that an object contains

mass

Mod 4: smallest particle that contains chemical props. of an element

atom

Mod 4: a substance composed of atoms that can not be broken into smaller, simpler components

Element

Mod 4: a particle containing more than 1 atom

molecule

Mod 4: a molecule containing more than one element

compound

Mod 4: measurement of the total number of protons and neutrons in an element

mass number

Mod 4: atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Isotopes

Mod 4: The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes

radioactive decay

Mod 4: The time it takes for 1/2 of an original radioactive parent atom to decay

half life

Mod 4: The bond formed when elements share electrons

covalent bond

Mod 4: a chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges

ionic bond

Mod 4: a weak chem bond that forms when hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to one atom but are attracted to another atom or molecule

hydrogen bond

Mod 4: one side is more positive and the other side is more negative

Polar molecule

Mod 4: a prop of h2o that results from cohesion of of h2o molecules at the surface of a body of h2o that creates a sort of skin on its surface

surface tension

Mod 4: prop of h2o when adhesion of h2o molecules to a surface is stronger than the cohesion between the molecules

capillary action

Mod 4: contributes hydrogen atoms to a substance

acid

Mod 4: contributes hydroxide atoms to a substance

base

Mod 4: the number that indicates the relative strength of A's and B's

Mod 4: an increase in acidity of the oceans

Ocean acidification

Mod 4: occurs when atoms separate from molecules and recombine with other molecules

chemical reaction

Mod 4: matter cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only change form

law of conservation of matter; it can only change form

Mod 4: compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

Inorganic compound

Mod 4: compound that contains carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Organic compound

Mod 4: compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

carbohydrate

Mod 4: critical part of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen containing organic made molecules aka amino acids

protein

Mod 4: organic compounds found in all living cells

Nucleic acid

genetic material containing the code for reproducing the components of the next generation, organisms pass to offspring

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Mod 4: translates the code stored in DNA, makes synthesis of proteins possible

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Mod 4: smaller organic biological molecule that doesn't mix with water

Lipid

Mod 4: highly organized living entity that consists of 4 types of macromolecules and other substances in a watery solution, surrounded by a membrane.

cell

Mod 4: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

macromolecules

Mod 2: The process by which life supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced

Ecosystem services

Mod 2: an indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

environmental indicator

Mod 2: How do we notice when ecosystems are stressed or have degraded?

when they do not proved the same services or produce the same products

Mod 2: indicators (5)

Biodiversity, food production, human population, resource depletion, and surface temp + CO2 concentration.

Mod 2: the diversity of life forms in an environment

biodiversity

Mod 2: a group of organisms that is distinct form other groups in its morphology (Body form, structure) behavior, or biochemical properties.

species

Mod 2: a measure of genetic variation among individuals in a population

genetic diversity

Mod 2: The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem.

species diversity

Mod 2: the evolution of new species

speciation

Mod 2: the avg. rate at which species become extinct over the long term

background extinction rate

Mod 2: gases in earths atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

greenhouse gases

Mod 2: derieved from human activities

anthropogenic

Mod 2: amount per each person in a country or unit of population

per capita

Mod 2: improvement in human well being through economic advancement

developement

Mod 2: living on earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources with out depriving future generations of those resources

sustainability

Mod 2: development that balances current human well being and economic advancements with resource management for the benefit of future gens.

sustainable development

Mod 2: love of life

biophilia

Mod 2: a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land.

Ecological footprint

Mod 2: Common global scale enviornmental indicators include all of the following except a) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations b) human population c) natural resource depletion d) pollution in a local stream

d) pollution in a natural stream

Mod 2: how many hectares of land is a 500 acre park? (1 acre = 0.40 hectares) a) 200 ha b) 250 ha c) 500 ha d) 750 ha

a) 200 ha

Mod 2: a persons ecological footprint is a) the land a person lives on b) the smount of carbon dioxide a person contributes to climate change c) the land required to produce a persons food d) the land needed to support all of a persons activities

d) the land needed to support all of a persons activities

Mod 3: the first step in the scientific process is a) collecting data b) observations and questions c) forming a hypothesis d) forming a theory

b) observations and questions

Mod 3: challenges in the study of environmental science include all of the following except a) dangers of studying natural systems b) lack of baseline data c) subjectivity of environmental impacts d) complexity of natural systems

a) dangers of studying natural systems

Mod 3: a control group is a) a group with same conditions as the experimental group b) a group with conditions found in nature c) a group with a randomly assigned population d) a group with the same conditions as the experimental group except for the study variable

d) a group with the same conditions as the experimental group except for the study variable

use with out regard for future needs... American colonies and pioneers

exploitation

Set aside, not to be use... a brief movement in the early 1800s

Preservation

use resource for 1 purpose intensively... industrial revolution, the making of America

Utilitarian

many voices involved in the decision making regarding the use of a resource

multiple use/sustainability

Mod 5: the ability to do work or transfer heat

energy

Mod 5: the amount of energy used when a 1 watt electrical device is turned on for 1 second

joule

Mod 5: the rate at which work is done

power

Mod 5: a form of energy emitted by the sun that includes visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared energy

Electromagnetic radiation

Mod 5: a mass less pack of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light

photon

Mod 5: stored energy that has not been released

potential energy

Mod 5: potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Chemical energy

Mod 5: The energy of motion

Kinetic energy

Mod 5: measure of the average kinetic energy in a substance

Temperature

Mod 5: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another

1st law thermodynamics

Mod 5: when energy is transformed, the quantity stays the same, but its ability to do work diminishes

2nd law thermodynamics

Mod 5: the ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system.

energy efficiency

Mod 5: the ease with which an energy source can be used for work

Energy quality

Mod 5: randomness in a system

Entropy

Mod 5: exchanges of matter or energy occurs across system boundaries

Open system

Mod 5: matter and energy exchanges do not do not happen across boundaries

closed system

Mod 5: addition to the system

input

Mod 5: a loss from the system

output

Mod 5: to determine inputs, outputs, and change in a system under various conditions

system analysis

Mod 5: inputs=outputs, system is unchanging over time

steady state

Mod 5: a system responds to change by returning to it's original start, or decreasing the rate which change is happening

neg. feedback

change in a system is amplified

pos. feedback

Unit 1 Flashcards

Environmental Science