Unit 1

Question 1

Traditional territory

Answer 1

Refers to land that Indigenous peoples have historically lived on.

Question 2

Treaty

Answer 2

A formal agreement between two or more parties.

Question 3

First Nation

Answer 3

Indigenous peoples in Canada, excluding Metis and Inuit.

Question 4

Indigenous

Answer 4

Collective term for First Nations, Metis, and Inuit.

Question 5

Aboriginal

Answer 5

Used term for Indigenous peoples of Canada.

Question 6

The Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation

Answer 6

First Nation peoples who now live in the now called Durham Region in southern Ontario.

Question 7

Inuit

Answer 7

Indigenous peoples from the arctic regions of Canada.

Question 8

Metis

Answer 8

People with mixed Indigenous and European ancestors in Canada.

Question 9

Status and Non-Status

Answer 9

Status = Indigenous peoples under the Indian Act. Non-Status = Indigenous peoples NOT under the Indian Act.

Question 10

Reserve

Answer 10

Land designated for First Nations by the government

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Forcing Indigenous peoples into colonial culture (Ex. Christianity).

Question 12

Historic Trauma

Answer 12

Trauma passed through generations most likely caused from colonialism.

Question 13

Colonization

Answer 13

settling and taking control of land over the Indigenous peoples

Question 14

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Answer 14

Formed to help directly and indirectly residential school survivors.

Question 15

94 Calls to Action

Answer 15

-Recommendations from the truth and reconciliation commission and are aimed at addressing the harm caused by Residential schools. Its goal is to improve the relationship between indigenous and non-indigenous Canadians

Question 16

UNDRIP (United Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples)

Answer 16

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, formed to help reconcile and the healing of Aboriginals

Question 17

Colonialism

Answer 17

exploiting people and the resources that came with it

Question 18

‘First Contact’

Answer 18

Refers to the first interaction between indigenous people and European explorers and settlers.

Question 19

Fur Trade

Answer 19

The fur trade is the business of buying, selling, and trading animal fur, especially from beavers and other animals, primarily for clothing and goods. Its significant because it helped develop early economies.

Question 20

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

Answer 20

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was a document issued by King George III that set rules for managing Britain’s new territories in North America after the Seven Years’ War. It helped minimize conflicts between settlers and Indigenous peoples.

Question 21

The Indian Act

Answer 21

The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law, first enacted in 1876, that governs various aspects of Indigenous peoples’ lives in Canada. It was intended to regulate and assimilate Indigenous communities into Canadian society.

Question 22

Why is the Indian act significant

Answer 22

the Indian Act is significant because it has shaped the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian government for over a century, often in ways that have marginalized Indigenous communities.

Question 23

Wampum belt

Answer 23

A visual representation of a treaty. It showed peace between both parties and a mutual respect

Question 24

The 2 Row Wampum

Answer 24

Treaty between Haudenosaunee and Dutch, 1613. Symbolize peace between the two cultures

Question 25

The Williams Treaty

Answer 25

signed in 1923 between the Canadian government and seven first nations in Ontario. Resulted in the surrender of large areas of land to the crown

Question 26

Why is the Williams treaty significant

Answer 26

It acknowledged the rights of Indigenous peoples to their traditional lands.

Question 27

Wab Kinew

Answer 27

Premier of Manitoba, first provincial premier of First Nation descent,

Question 28

The Reserve system

Answer 28

was created to allocate specific lands for Indigenous peoples, in order to control the indigenous population and mange land for European settlers

Question 29

Residential Schools

Answer 29

Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools in Canada and the United States that aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-American culture.

Question 30

Why are residential schools significant

Answer 30

Residential schools are important because they aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-American culture, causing deep trauma and loss of identity. Their legacy still affects Indigenous communities today, making reconciliation efforts crucial for addressing the harm done.

Question 31

Chanie Wenjack

Answer 31

Was a 12 year old Indigenous boy who ran away from a residential school in 1966, walking hundreds of kilometers back to his family. Sadly, he died from starvation on the train tracks he used to go home. His death showed the hard reality and abuse from the residential school system eventually caused him to run away

Question 32

The 60’s Scoop

Answer 32

refers to the mass removal of Indigenous children from their families in Canada during the 1960s to 1980s, placing them in non-Indigenous homes.

Question 33

Children in care or the “Millennium Scoop”

Answer 33

refers to the large-scale apprehension of Indigenous children by child welfare services in Canada from the late 1990s to the present, often placing them in non-Indigenous homes.

Question 34

High Arctic Relocation Program

Answer 34

The High Arctic Relocation Program in the 1950s involved the forced relocation of Inuit families by the Canadian government to the High Arctic,

Question 35

Attawapiskat First Nation Housing Crisis and State of Emergency declarations

Answer 35

refers to the severe lack of adequate housing and living conditions faced by the community, leading to overcrowding and health issues.

Question 36

Clean drinking water crisis

Answer 36

refers to the lack of access to safe and potable water for many communities, particularly Indigenous populations in Canada.

Question 37

Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women

Answer 37

refers to the disproportionate rates of violence against Indigenous women and girls, many of whom have disappeared or been murdered

Question 38

FNMI

Answer 38

FNMI stands for First Nations, Metis, and Inuit. They are very different when it comes to culture and lifestyle

Question 39

First Nations:

Answer 39

various Indigenous peoples who are not Inuit or Métis. They have diverse cultures, languages, and histories,

Question 40

Métis:

Answer 40

The Métis are a distinct cultural group that emerged from the intermarriage between European settlers (primarily French and Scottish) and Indigenous peoples, primarily First Nations..

Question 41

Inuit:

Answer 41

The Inuit are Indigenous peoples who primarily inhabit the Arctic regions of Canada (have a lifestyle closely connected to the land and sea).

Question 42

What was pre contact life like for the Indigenous peoples of Canada?

Answer 42

Before colonization, Indigenous peoples in Canada lived in diverse communities with rich cultures. They had strong connections to the land, developed unique languages, and practiced sustainable economies based on hunting, fishing, and gathering.

Question 43

How did their existence and way of life change after colonization?

Answer 43

Many lost their land through treaties, leading to disruptions in traditional practices. Colonizers attempted to assimilate Indigenous peoples, erasing languages and cultures, particularly through residential schools. Economically, Indigenous communities faced challenges as they were forced into wage labor or dependency on government support.

Question 44

Explain the impacts of colonization for the Indigenous populations.

Answer 44

The effects of colonization included intergenerational trauma, loss of languages, and ongoing legal struggles for rights and recognition.

Question 45

What was First Contact?

Answer 45

First Contact refers to the first interactions between Indigenous peoples and European explorers or settlers. This event varied widely depending on the region and involved both cultural exchange and conflict.

Question 46

Explain the significance of the 2 Row Wampum.

Answer 46

The Two Row Wampum is a significant treaty between Indigenous nations and European settlers, created in the early 17th century. The two rows show and they won’t bother each other

Question 47

Why was the Williams Treaty so significant? Explain its impact.

Answer 47

The Williams treaty was significant because it allowed the Canadian government to settle land disputes by acquiring large portions of traditional Indigenous territories in Ontario. Its impact included the loss of land and hunting rights for the affected First Nations.

Question 48

Indian Act

Answer 48

The Indian Act is a Canadian law enacted in 1876 that aimed to regulate and control many aspects of Indigenous life.

Question 49

How did the Indian Act change the lives of the Indigenous peoples in Canada?

Answer 49

- Composed control over their communities, cultural restrictions, limited their rights, led to the creation of residential schools.

Question 50

Which part of the Indian act was the most significant?

Answer 50

The most important part of the Indian Act was how it defined who was considered an "Indian." It caused Divisions in Communities, Control Over Identity, Long-Term Effect

Question 51

Negative Indigenous stereotypes created over time and the impact of those stereotypes.

Answer 51

they were portrayed to society as (“wild warriors,” “bear greased hair”, etc) which made them seem as animals and lower than humans. The impact cause Indigenous people to be racially abused and eventually for them to become confused/ashamed of their culture

Question 52

Why were residential schools a thing?

Answer 52

Residential schools were established in Canada as part of a government policy aimed at assimilating Indigenous peoples into Euro-Canadian culture.

Question 53

Who implemented the residential school system?

Answer 53

The residential school system in Canada was implemented by the federal government, primarily through the Department of Indian Affairs. The government partnered with various Christian churches, including the Catholic Church, Anglican Church, United Church, and others, to run the schools.

Question 54

What were the effects of residential schools?

Answer 54

Cultural loss, generational trauma, family disruption and mental health issues.

Question 55

Who has apologized for residential schools?

Answer 55

In 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper formally apologized on behalf of the federal government, Various Christian churches that operated residential schools have also expressed regret. The Catholic Bishops of Canada issued an apology in 2009, while the United Church of Canada apologized in 1986 and again in 2000.

Question 56

Impact of 60s scoop on indigenous peoples

Answer 56

This caused the FNMI community to lose their cultural identity. Since they grew disconnected from their community this led to generational trauma, and mental health issues. Overall effects from the 60 scoop are still affecting indigenous families today.

Question 57

What issues are Indigenous communities and First Nation reserves still facing in Canada today?

Answer 57

Indigenous communities and First Nation reserves in Canada continue to face several significant issues today. One major problem is lack of clean drinking water. Many reserves do not have access to safe, clean water, leading to health risks.

Question 58

What specific community is struggling with lack of clean water?

Answer 58

The Neskantaga First Nation which is a part of the Anishinaabe cultural group

Question 59

Explain why Wab Kinew suggested that FNMI communities need Indigenous Heroes.

Answer 59

(FNMI) communities need Indigenous heroes to inspire and empower their youth.

Question 60

Who is Tommy Prince

Answer 60

Tommy George Prince is a Canadian war hero, Indigenous advocate who was born October 25, 1915 in petersfield.

Question 61

Why Is Tommy prince significant?

Answer 61

As a member of the Anishinaabe nation, he is recognized as one of Canada's most decorated soldiers. He served during World War 2 and the Korean War, earning numerous medals for bravery, including the military medal.