WW1 Unit Test Flashcards

Question

Passchendaele (1917)

Answer 1

Passchendaele remains one of the most controversial and haunting battles of WWI. It is remembered for its unimaginable suffering and the senselessness of the massive losses sustained. Though a tactical victory for Canadian forces, It was marked by horrendous conditions, massive casualties, and little strategic gain.

Answer 2

Machine Guns, Tanks, Poison Gas, and Artillery

Answer 3

Rapid-fire weapons that could mow down infantry, contributing to the stalemate of trench warfare.

Answer 4

Introduced by the British in 1916, tanks helped break through barbed wire and trench lines, although their early models were unreliable.

Answer 5

Used by both sides, it caused painful injuries, blindness, and death. The introduction of gas masks helped mitigate the effects.

Answer 6

Heavy guns that fired explosive shells over long distances, causing massive damage. They played a crucial role in both attacking and defending positions.

Answer 7

Aerial warfare had a profound psychological impact on soldiers and civilians. The sudden appearance of enemy aircraft over the front lines or over cities created fear and uncertainty

Answer 8

The ability to observe enemy movements and direct artillery fire from the air revolutionized battlefield tactics. Aircraft also played a significant role in disrupting enemy logistics and communication lines.

Answer 9

A Canadian flying ace credited with 72 confirmed kills. He became one of the top British Empire aces and was awarded the Victoria Cross for his heroism, particularly during a daring solo attack on a German airfield.

Answer 10

The naval battles of the war were not only about direct combat between fleets but also about blockades, submarine warfare, and control over vital trade routes. These naval operations had a profound effect on the economies and the morale of the warring nations.

Answer 11

One of the most important elements of naval strategy in WWI was the blockades imposed by the Allied powers, primarily Britain, to cut off supplies to Germany and other Central Powers.

Answer 12

German U-boats (submarines) had a huge impact on naval warfare during WWI. Germany’s use of submarines to attack enemy shipping became one of the most significant tactics of the war.

Answer 13

These smaller, faster ships were used for protection against submarine attacks, convoy escort missions, and skirmishes.

Answer 14

The British blockade of Germany was one of the most effective strategies of WWI, severely limiting Germany’s access to resources. This blockade, combined with the impact of U-boat warfare, contributed to Germany’s eventual collapse in 1918.

Answer 15

WWI saw significant advances in naval technology, including the development of submarines (U-boats), dreadnought battleships, convoy systems, and naval aviation. These innovations would play a central role in naval combat during World War II and beyond.

Answer 16

This included everything from factory production, food rationing, and military recruitment to social and political changes, such as the role of women and minorities in society. The people on the homefront played a critical role in sustaining their countries' wartime economies and morale.

Answer 17

Propaganda was a crucial tool during World War I, used to maintain civilian support, encourage enlistment, fund the war effort, and control public opinion.

Answer 18

Its importance lay in its ability to manipulate emotions, control narratives, and foster national unity. Effective propaganda needed to be simple, repetitive, emotionally charged, visually impactful, and targeted to specific groups, often framing the war as a moral crusade against evil. This manipulation of information and emotions helped shape the war’s outcome, both on the battlefield and at home.

Answer 19

Shipping lanes were often blocked or targeted by the enemy, and military priorities meant that factories and agricultural lands were redirected to producing materials for the war effort (such as weapons, ammunition, and military uniforms). This led to shortages of everyday goods like food, fuel, and raw materials.

Answer 20

Food (for military), fuel, clothing

Answer 21

Ration Cards and Coupons and were encouraged to use substitutes

Answer 22

Helped stabilize the economy, provided value to citizens.

Answer 23

Rationing ensured that essential goods and resources were directed toward supporting the military. By controlling civilian consumption, governments were able to maintain supplies for the army and prevent shortages that could have impacted the war effort.

Answer 24

Women stepped in to work in factories, manufacturing weapons, ammunition, and other essential supplies needed for the war effort. They also took on nursing roles, agricultural work, propaganda and volunteer work.

Answer 25

Changed gender norms, some nations acknowledged and rewarded women, economic independence and workforce changes.

Answer 26

Extension of the Vote to Women, Exclusion of "Enemy Aliens" from the Vote, impacted the federal election

Answer 27

The Act was a key moment in the struggle for women’s suffrage in Canada. Although it was not universal suffrage, it was a step toward the recognition of women as political actors and set the stage for full voting rights in the years following the war.

Answer 28

The passage of the Wartime Elections Act helped Borden’s government secure the political support it needed to implement conscription. By expanding the voting base among those who were more likely to support conscription, the government ensured that it could carry out policies that were highly divisive and unpopular among certain segments of the population.

Answer 29

Although it was seen as a wartime necessity, the Wartime Elections Act represented an important step in the evolution of Canada’s democratic system, especially regarding the roles of women and minority groups in shaping national policy.

Answer 30

Indigenous soldiers who served in WWI were exempt from the military’s enlistment regulations and were often placed in labor battalions or combat roles. Indigenous soldiers showed remarkable courage and were highly decorated, but their contributions were often overlooked by the Canadian government.

Answer 31

The term "enemy aliens" referred to citizens or residents of a country who were originally from nations that were at war with the country. During WWI, Canada declared war on Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, which meant that individuals from these countries living in Canada were labeled as “enemy aliens,” even if they had been in Canada for many years.

Answer 32

Black Canadians, for example, were largely excluded from combat roles. Indigenous Canadians were also initially discouraged from enlisting, Enemy aliens" were often excluded from service or were pressured into fighting in auxiliary roles.

Answer 33

The Canadian government implemented a system of internment for suspected "enemy aliens." Internment camps were set up across Canada, and about 8,000 people—including some women and children—were imprisoned. These people were often detained without any evidence of wrongdoing or proof of disloyalty.g

Answer 34

In Canada, conscription was introduced in 1917 by the government of Prime Minister Robert Borden through the Military Service Act. The goal was to address the severe shortage of soldiers for the Canadian Expeditionary Force

Answer 35

By 1917, the war had been dragging on for three years, and the number of casualties among Canadian soldiers was increasing rapidly. The Battle of the Somme (1916), Passchendaele (1917), and other major battles had decimated the ranks of the Canadian forces.

Answer 36

Many veterans and English speakers supported it, however The French speakers didn't, because they felt it didn't align with their interests.

Answer 37

Despite the widespread opposition, conscription was implemented in 1918. However, it failed to fully resolve the manpower shortage, as the war ended in November 1918, before conscription could have a major impact on the battlefield.

Answer 38

The war had a devastating impact on the economies of many European countries. The costs of the war were enormous, and many countries faced massive debt, inflation, and economic instability in the aftermath.

Answer 39

The Treaty of Versailles formally ended the war and was signed in June 1919. It imposed harsh terms on Germany, including territorial losses, military restrictions, and the payment of reparations to the Allied powers.

Answer 40

The primary intention behind the Treaty of Versailles was to punish Germany for its role in instigating the war, reduce their military, pay for war costs and accept war guilt.

Answer 41

The Ottomans hoped that joining the war on the side of the Central Powers would help them recover some of their lost territories and gain strategic advantages, particularly against Russia, which had long been an adversary in late 1914.

Answer 42

Portugal had a long-standing alliance with Britain, Portugal had economic ties to Britain and France and was keen to maintain these relations. Additionally, the Portuguese hoped that their participation would bring diplomatic rewards such as territorial gains.

Answer 43

Japan’s main objective in entering the war was to expand its influence in East Asia and the Pacific. Japan had a formal alliance with Britain, when World War I broke out, Japan had a growing industrial economy and saw opportunities for economic expansion during the war.

Answer 44

The primary motivation for Bulgaria’s entry into World War I was the desire to recover lost territory and expand its borders in the Balkans. Bulgaria was economically weaker than many of the other European powers, and joining the Central Powers gave it military and economic assistance, particularly from Germany. They were also promised additional land after territorial gain.

Answer 45

- Plan was based on an old treaty guaranteeing that Belgium would remain neutral - Germany assumed that Britain would not object to the invasion of Belgium

Answer 46

Four imperial dynasties collapsed, the mass movement of soldiers and refugees led to the Spanish Flu.

Answer 47

Germans sank a British civilian ship called the Lusitania, which was secretly carrying some ammunition. This ship contained some US citizens, so the President Wilson made Germany promise to limit submarine warfare and Germany agreed but later continued. Germanys minister also screlty sent a telegram to Mexico to propose an alliance. After Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare and following the discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram, the United States entered the war on April 6.

Answer 48

July 28, 1914

Answer 49

August 1, 1914

Answer 50

August 3, 1914

Answer 51

August 4, 1914

Answer 52

August 6, 1914

Answer 53

August 23, 1914

Answer 54

August 25, 1914

Answer 55

April 6, 1917

Answer 56

December 7, 1917

Answer 57

Serbia's ally Russia started mobilizing for war. Austria-Hungary's ally Germany demanded Russia stop preparing for war. When Russia refused, Germany declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914.

Answer 58

France prepared for war in support of its ally Russia.

Answer 59

Received poor treatment and lower wages , were expected to return home and fulfill their domestic roles after the war ended

Answer 60

gave the vote to female relatives (some not all) of Canadian soldiers serving overseas in the First World War. It also took the vote away from many Canadians who had immigrated from “enemy” countries.

Answer 61

At the beginning of the 20th century women in many countries had begun to organize themselves to gain the right to vote Members of this movement in Canada were called suffragists

Answer 62

The Schlieffen Plan and the Invasion of Belgium, Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, its support for Austria-Hungary’s actions against Serbia and its aggressive foreign policy.

Answer 63

It led to the creation of Prime Minister Borden's Union Government and drove most of his French-Canadian supporters into opposition.

WW1 Unit Test Flashcards

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