unit 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the definition of health?
Health is an abstract concept that is not material and is difficult to define due to subjective factors, perceptions, and cultural frameworks.
What were the beliefs about disease in primitive populations?
Diseases were believed to be caused by bewitchment, the evil eye, taboos, malignant objects, or possession by ghosts.
Who was Esculapius?
Esculapius was the first medical practitioner in Greek culture, known for his use of surgery and herbs.
What does the WHO define health as?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What are the three dimensions included in the WHO definition of health?
The three dimensions are physical, psychological, and social.
What is physical health?
Physical health refers to the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis and respond to physiological stress.
What is mental health?
Mental health involves a sense of coherence that enables coping with stress and recovering from psychological challenges.
What does social health encompass?
Social health includes the capacity to fulfill potential, manage life independently, and participate in social activities.
What are the limitations of the WHO definition of health?
The limitations include being utopic, not allowing for comparisons, and equating well-being with health, which is subjective.
What is the latest definition of health proposed by Georges Canguilhem?
Health is defined as the ability to adapt and self-manage according to one’s functional needs.
What are the models of health determinants?
The models include the traditional model, biomedical model, biopsychosocial model, and epidemiological model.
What is the traditional or ecological model of diseases?
It reflects a causal model where one agent is sufficient to provoke an effect, primarily used for infectious diseases.
What is the epidemiological model for health policy analysis?
It includes four interrelated categories: health care organization, lifestyle, environment, and human biology.
What are the primary health determinants?
Health determinants include biology, lifestyle, environment, and health system.
What is the single cause model?
It suggests that for a disease to develop, the cause must be present, primarily applicable to infectious diseases.
What is the multiple cause model?
It states that more than one factor must be present simultaneously for a disease to develop.
What is an epidemic?
An epidemic is the occurrence of cases of a disease in a community or region that exceeds what is normally expected.
What is a pandemic?
A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs over a wide area, crossing international borders and affecting a large number of people.
What is endemic?
Endemic refers to the constant occurrence of a disease in a geographic area or population group.
What is Rothman’s model of component causes?
It contemplates multicausal relationships and defines cause as any event, condition, or characteristic essential for producing an effect.
What is a sufficient cause?
A sufficient cause is a minimal set of conditions that inevitably produce a disease.
What is a necessary cause?
A necessary cause is a factor that must be present for a disease to occur.
What is a necessary cause?
A necessary cause is one of the sufficient causes of an effect.
Can the same component cause be part of different sufficient causes?
Yes, the same component cause may be part of different sufficient causes of different effects.
