Unit 1

Question 1

grounding assumption

Answer 1

the proximal cause of cognition emotion and behaviour is the structure and functioning of nervous system

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

network or specialised cells capable of transmitting info around the body and co ordinates the behaviour of the organism

Question 3

hindbrain

Answer 3

mainly controls survival functions like breathing consciousness

Question 4

midbrain

Answer 4

above hindbrain and responsible for movement and homeostasis

Question 5

limbic system

Answer 5

links mid and fore brain and mainly responsible for emotional responses and important role in aggression

Question 6

forebrain

Answer 6

thinking lang and memory

Question 7

cerebrum

Answer 7

regulates emotions,initiates and co ordinates movement,speech,problem soliving

Question 8

cerebellum

Answer 8

co ordinates muscle movement and maintains posture

Question 9

pfc

Answer 9

thinking planning and problem solving

impulse control (stopping yourself from doing something)

Question 10

frontal lobe

Answer 10

thinking problem solving and planning

Question 11

temporal lobe

Answer 11

memory, understanding, language

Question 12

occipital lobe

Answer 12

vision,sensitive to light and colour

Question 13

parietal lobe

Answer 13

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch and senses

Question 14

brocas area

Answer 14

speech production

Question 15

vernickes area

Answer 15

speech understanding and receiving

Question 16

somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

senses and sensations

Question 17

brainstem

Answer 17

sustains the survival functions,responsible for priamry consciousness and connect cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 19

spinal cord

Answer 19

a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Answer 20

-gray matter surrounding cerebrum

-large SA due to its folds

-two hemispheres

-ridges (gyri) and folds (sulci)

Question 21

lateralisation

Answer 21

tendency of diff hemispheres of the brain to take care of diff functions

Question 22

localisation

Answer 22

The theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological functions

Question 23

contralateral control

Answer 23

each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

Question 24

CAT scan

Answer 24

reveals internal structure of the brain by using x rays

Question 25

PET scan

Answer 25

generates images of brain activity but tracing uptake of glucose in diff brain areas

Question 26

fMRI scan

Answer 26

generates images of brain structure and activity by tracing the movement of water blood in diff brain areas

Question 27

spatial resolution

Answer 27

the detail of the image so higher resolution means more detailed

Question 28

temporal resolution

Answer 28

how well scanner tracks changes in brain activity (higher means more responsive to short term changes in brain activity)

Question 29

vernickes aphasia

Answer 29

inability to understand speech

Question 30

brocas aphasia

Answer 30

inability to produce speech

Question 31

action potential

Answer 31

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Question 32

axon

Answer 32

A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Question 33

dendrites

Answer 33

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

Question 34

downstream neurons

Answer 34

receives signals

Question 35

upstream neurons

Answer 35

sends signals

Question 36

firing rate

Answer 36

the rate at which a neuron produces action potentials; usually expressed in terms of spikes per second

Question 37

ion channels

Answer 37

Proteins embedded in the membrane that open and close to allow ions through

Question 38

ions

Answer 38

charged particles

Question 39

myelin sheath

Answer 39

Fatty layer that wraps around axon of some neurons,speeding up transmission of APs through a process called saltatory conduction

Question 40

nodes of ranvier

Answer 40

gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 41

saltatory conduction

Answer 41

the jumping of action potentials from node to node

Question 42

synapse

Answer 42

A junction between two neurons where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.

Question 43

terminals

Answer 43

release NTs - send signal onto next neuron

Question 44

1)resting potential

Answer 44

No AP occurs here as the outside is more positive than the inside meaning the membrane is polarised

Question 45

polarised

Answer 45

State of a neurons membrane at resting potential when there's a diff in charge between outside and inside of neuron

Question 46

2)depolarisation

Answer 46

Where the neurons membrane potential becomes more positive leading to the propagation of an AP

Question 47

3)propagation

Answer 47

Membrane is sensitive and can sense an AP therefore creates a chain reaction causing AP to spread to terminal direction (where the reaction is triggered to adjacent side)

Question 48

4)repolarisation

Answer 48

Ions move back to original positions so have become repolarised

Question 49

refractory period

Answer 49

Time after AP where the neuron cannot fire another AP as ion channels reset and membrane returns to resting potential