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NSG 212 > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does GTPAL stand for?

A

G: Gravida
T: Term births
P: Preterm births
A: Abortions/miscarriage
L: Living children

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2
Q

What is the Negele Rule used for?

A

adding 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period
subtracting 3 months
adding 1 year

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3
Q

What are the functions of amniotic fluid?

A
  • Temp regulation
  • Protection from injury
  • Combination of fetus and mother (fluid electrolyte balance)
  • Waste replenishment every 3 hours
  • Prevent amniotic banding
  • Antibiotic properties
  • weightless prevent malformations
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4
Q

What color of amniotic fluid indicates stress and potential aspiration risk?

A

Dark or meconium-stained fluid
means the baby has been under stress

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5
Q

What does a foul smell of amniotic fluid suggest?

A

Possible infection

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6
Q

oligo means what when referring to the amniotic fluid?

A

there is too little amniotic fluid
indicative of kidney issues

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7
Q

poly means what when referring to amniotic fluid?

A

there is too much amniotic fluid
indicative of GI issues

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8
Q

What is the structure of the umbilical cord?

A

Contains 2 arteries and 1 vein

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9
Q

What is the function of the umbilical vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the baby

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10
Q

What is the function of the umbilical arteries?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the baby

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11
Q

What is Warton jelly?

A

A protective substance around the umbilical vessels that prevents damage

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12
Q

What does ‘nuchal cord’ refer to?

A

When the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby’s neck

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13
Q

What does the acronym TORCH stand for in prenatal care?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Other (e.g., syphilis, HIV)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus

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14
Q

How is Toxoplasmosis transmitted?

A

Through cats, undercooked meat, seafood, deli products, and soil

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15
Q

What are the ‘Others’ category of TORCH?

A

sexually transmitted diseases (safe sex practices)
HIV
Hepatitis B
HPV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea

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16
Q

What is the significance of the rubella vaccine for pregnant women?

A

Pregnant women without immunity should not receive the vaccine during pregnancy (can cause fetal demise)

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17
Q

What is the primary concern with Cytomegalovirus during pregnancy?

A

It can be devastating if the mother has never been infected before

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18
Q

Which viruses are transmitted through bodily fluids?

A

HSV
Syphilis
HIV
Hepatitis

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19
Q

Which viruses are transmitted through skin to skin contact

A

HSV
syphilis
HPV

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20
Q

What is the recommended treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia in newborns?

A

Erythromycin ointment in the eyes
can infect baby through the birth canal

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21
Q

Syphilis treatment?

A

PCN, azithromycine, doxycycline
has different stages
stage 1 rash
stage 2
stage 3 untreatable

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22
Q

HIV effect on mother and baby?

A

no breastfeeding (spread through breast milk and placenta)
take meds before, during, after pregnancy
DON’T MIX BLOOOD
c-section
antivirals = retrovir

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23
Q

What are the signs of preeclampsia?

A

Decreased perfusion
Proteinuria
Risk of seizure
Blurred vision

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24
Q

What is the risk associated with eclampsia?

A

Seizures
vomiting (protect airway)
caused by uncontrolled preeclampsia

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25
What is the significance of fundal height measurements?
Used to determine fetal age and growth during pregnancy
26
At what gestational age is the fundal height at the level of the umbilicus?
20 weeks
27
At what gestational age is the fundal height at the xiphiod process?
36weeks
28
At what gestational age is the fundal height 3-4 fingers below the xiphoid process?
40weeks
29
At what gestational age is the fundal height at the pubis?
12weeks
30
what is lightening?
the baby starts to move down prepping for birth pressure moves to hips lower extremity swelling breathing better
31
What is the glucose test schedule during pregnancy?
24-28 weeks non-fasting 50g glucose drink 1 hr test
32
What does a result over 140 in the glucose test indicate?
Requires a 3-hour glucose tolerance test
33
what is the 3 hour glucose tolerance test?
3 hr test 100g glucose drink test at 1hr 2hr anf 3hr if fail 2/3they have gestational diabetes indicative of type 2 diabetes
34
What is the purpose of RhoGAM administration?
To prevent Rh incompatibility by preventing the mother from making antibodies against the baby
35
when is RhoGAM given?
28wk and 72 hr after delivery after trauma/accident after amniocentesis after possible blood mixing
36
who is RhoGAM given to?
Rh- moms with a Rh + baby
37
What is the role of amniocentesis in pregnancy?
2nd trimester genetics, miscarriage 3rd trimester lung maturity
38
Complications of amniocentesis?
infection PTL injury to baby miscarriage
39
What are the signs of placental abruption?
Severe abdominal pain Hard abdomen Hypovolemia Might not see any bleeding
40
What is a placental abruption?
detachment of partial or all of the placenta from implantation typically after 20 weeks
41
What is the treatment for cervical insufficiency?
Bed rest cerclage Tocolytic meds
42
What does cervical insufficiency mean?
the cervix can't retain a pregnancy
43
when is a cerclage placed?
before pregnancy emergent= at 12 weeks removed at 37weeks
44
What does the term 'lightening' refer to in pregnancy?
When the baby moves down into the pelvis, causing increased pressure on the hips
45
What is the common treatment for gestational diabetes?
Diet modification possibly insulin therapy
46
What are the potential effects of magnesium sulfate during labor?
Flu-like symptoms Risk of toxicity (decreased DTR, respiratory rate under 12, urine< 30ml, over level 8, can't purse lips)
47
What should be monitored when administering Brethine?
Tachycardia hypotension blood sugar levels palpitations
48
What is the risk associated with using tocolytic medications?
maternal preeclampsia/eclampsia fetal demise, anomoly, PROM, chorioamnionitis
49
What is the significance of the Coombs test?
To determine if there is a blood mix between mother and baby direct-baby indirect-mom
50
What is the recommended action for a Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive baby?
Administer RhoGAM to prevent antibody formation
51
What are the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
Vaginal bleeding Hypotension Tachycardia Referred shoulder pain Cullens sign
52
What is the typical management for molar pregnancy?
D&C (dilation and curettage) D&E (dilation and evaluation) monitoring hCG levels
53
What is placental previa?
When the cervical os is partially or completely covered by the placenta
54
What is the danger of untreated group B strep during pregnancy?
sepsis meningitis osteomyelitis complications in newborns
55
Fill in the blank: The sound of maternal blood flow to the placenta is called _______.
Uterine souffle
56
Fill in the blank: The sound of fetal blood through the umbilical cord is called _______.
Funic souffle
57
If AFT levels are high, what is the baby at risk for?
trisomy 21, downs
58
If AFT level are low, what is the risk?
neural tube defects
59
When do they test for STDs?
1st and 3rd trimester
60
When do they test for Group B strep?
36-37 weeks status can change can cross the placenta, rupture risks infection(sepsis, meningitis)
61
Treatment of Group B strep?
ampicillin or vancomycin
62
NST assesses what?
fetal well being HR incr 2 times in 20 min 15bpm for 15 seconds if non reactive--> 5 part real time test
63
What tests do they use to assess for amniotic fluid?
nitrazine amnisure
64
What are the three signs of pregnancy?
presumptive probable positive
65
What indicates a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
weight gain missed period stretch marks s/s
66
What indicates a probably sign of pregnancy?
positive pregnancy test heagars sign goodells sign Chadwicks sign
67
What indicates a positive pregnancy?
see the baby on u/s hear fetal heart bead feel fetal movements
68
What are some physiological changes with pregnancy?
relax of smooth muscle indigestion increase blood volume (vena cava syndrome) SOB lightening chloasma linea nigra stretch marks PICA
69
What are some nursing interventions for mom suffering from indegestion?
small meals high fiber ginger in diet sit upright after eating
70
What us PICA?
mom craves non food items indicative of nutritional deficiency or anemia
71
What is chronic HTN?
HTN that has occurred before 20 weeks
72
What is gestational HTN?
HTN develops after 20weeks 140/90 on 2 different occasions
73
What is HELLP syndrome?
uncontrolled eclampsia Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelet
74
What is the most common anemia in pregnancy?
Iron deficiency Hbg <10 Hct < 35 iron supplements with orange juice not milk
75
What are the treatments for an etopic pregnancy?
methotrexate (no sun, no alcohol, no pregnancy for 3 mo) salpingostomy salpingectomy risk of infection
76
What is Gestational Trophoblastic Disease?
molar pregnancy cell growth of trophoblastic cells body thinks its pregnant but its not incr risk of cancer dx transvaginal u/s no pregnancy for 1 yr
77
What is ABO incompatibility?
when mom is type O and baby is type A, B or AB mom has antibodies against A, B and AB we must monitor for hemolysis Coombs test
78
Can mom have a vaginal delivery if the placenta is partial or complete?
no, she will have to have a c-section marginal may move, vaginal
79
Indicator of placenta previa?
painless bleeding no sex, no transvaginal u/s
80
When is mom screened for Group B strep?
at 35-37 weeks because her status can change
81
What can happen if mom has Group B strep?
monitor babies close c section UTI, chorioamnionitis ampicillin or vancomycin
82
What happens with glucose regulation in pregnancy?
1st trimester its normal 2nd & 3rd trimester insulin resistance blood sugar incr makes large babies
83
What to tell the patient if PTL occurs?
lay of left side, and drink water if it goes away tell provider next visit if it returns call provider if it doesn't go away call provider
84
What do they usually use for PTL?
magnesium sulfate (5-7days) to delay birth/labor DONT GIGVE AT 20wk or 37 wk use betamethasomne 48 hr till birth fetal lung maturity contraindications
85
When are tocolytic medications used?
PTL 24-34wks NOT FDA APPROVED
86
Tell me about magnesium sulfate?
piggy back never mainline most common (lack of evidence) antidone is calcium gluconate
87
How is brethine given?
SubQ PRN NO CAFFEINE
88
Tell me about nepfepine?
Calcium Channel Blocker drops BP(dont give if under 100) inhibits contractions change positions slowly
89
What do you never give nepfepine with?
magnesium sulfate erythromycin (cardiac arrest)

NSG 212 (6 decks)

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