Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

consumers food and nutrition term 1 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Glycemic index (GI)

A

Measure where a value from 1 to 100 is given to different foods containing carbohydrates based on their effect on the blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

high GI foods
eg

A

70+
eg; cake, potatoes, pumpkin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intermediate GI foods
eg

A

56-69
eg: rye bread, bananas, cooked beetroot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low GI foods
eg

A

55 or less
eg: seed bread, tomatoes, green beens, low GI brown bread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

low blood glucose levels aka
symptoms

A

hypoglycemia
dizziness, headache, weakness, restlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cause of low BG

A

sudden withdrawal from glucose
from eating high GI foods
skipping meals or eating irregularly
exercising hard without taking extra food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of low BG in diabetics

A

taking too much insulin
skipping meals
exercising too hard for a long period of time
taking alcohol on an empty stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prevent low BG

A

eat small, regular meals-dont skip meals
after exercise eat high GI foods
eat mainly low GI for snacks and meals
exercise regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

high blood glucose levels aka

A

hyperglycemia abnormally high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of high BG

A

after eating high high GI foods, levels rise quick and sharp
carbs broken down into glucose then absorbed into bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of high GI in diabetics

A

eating foods high in sugar
not taking insulin meds
too little exercise
sustained stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prevent high BG

A

avoid too many high GI foods
exercise regularly
diabetics use insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diabetes

A

chronic condition where the body cannot control the blood glucose levels because of too little/no insulin is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

type 1 diabetes info and cause

A

donk know the cause: develops as a result of genetics and environmental factors such as trauma or infection
develops in young adults + kids
insulin injections necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type 2 diabetes info and cause

A

body cells become resistant to insulin and the pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance=glucose builds up
caused by incorrect food choices and inactivity
develops in ppl over 40 yrs or in adults/kids who follow a poor diet, or are inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diabetes symptoms

A

excessive thirst
frequent urination
fatigue
slow wound healing
regular infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can happen to a person who leaves diabetes untreated

A

blindness
kidney failure
nerve damage
lead to coronary heart disease
strokes
loss of limbs due to poor blood circulation
could cause death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prevent diabetes

A

follow a healthy diet
exercise regularly
maintain a healthy body weight
control blood pressure and cholesterol
avoid stress
regularly monitor blood glucose levels
wear a medical identification bracelet
use meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

coronary heart disease

A

when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, due to buildup of plaque, decreasing blood flow and potentially leading to a heart attack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

inner wall of coronary artery is damaged, plaque accumulates in layers in damaged areas
or
“hardening of the arteries”, when the arteries become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes of coronary heart disease

A

smoking
high cholesterol
inactive lifestyle
stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prevent coronary HD
dietary + lifestyle changes

A

dietary changes: limit intake of high cholesterol foods, limit intake of red meat, increase intake in legumes, apples, soluble fibres (lowers cholesterol), eat a balanced diet, limit salt intake
lifestyle changes: exercise regularly, stop smoking, reduce stress, use alcohol moderately
Use meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
eg

A

often called “bad” cholesterol, is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood and contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke
fried food, sweets, choc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

high blood cholesterol

A

occurs when there’s excessive cholesterol in the blood, potentially leading to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) eg
often called "good" cholesterol, helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke fatty fish-salmon, avo, nuts
26
causes of high BC (2)
diet genetics
27
prevent high BC dietary lifestyle
Dietary: limit intake of saturated fats (animal fats), increase intake of legumes, limit intake of salt, limit intake of sugar, take in more soluble fibres-apples lifestyle: use alcohol moderately, exercise regularly, dont smoke
28
Unsaturated fats egs saturated fats trans fats
Reduce LDL cholesterol=plant origin-olive, salmon, canola oil, avo, nuts increase blood cholesterol levels=animal origin-fatty meat, egg yolks, butter Increases blood cholesterol levels=chemical changes in oils-deep frying
29
heart and stroke foundation indicates..
low in cholesterol low in saturated fats low in sodium low in added sugars high in fibres
30
high blood pressure aka
hypertension (no salt) the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls is so high that it can cause health problems such as heart diseases
31
causes high blood pressure
unhealthy eating habits high sodium intake obesity high alcohol intake inactive lifestyle stress smoking genetic
32
prevention HBP dietary lifestyle
dietary: eat less salt, eat high fibre food, eat low dairy products, eat less saturated fats lifestyle: regular exercise, alcohol moderately, limit coffee intake, dont smoke, reduce stress, medication
33
osteoporosis
skeletal disease where bones become porous due to excessive loss of proteins eg calcium
34
symptoms osteoporosis
back pain bent posture easy bone fracture decrease body height
35
causes osteoporosis
gender-women (lower bone mass) diet smoking excessive alcohol intake genetic age-menopausal women
36
prevent osteoporosis
follow a balanced diet= (take in enough Vit D, phosphorus (promote absorptions of calcium), calcium take enough vit C enough fluoride avoid taking in too many protein rich foods) dont smoke avoid excessive alcohol
37
anaemia
lack of red blood cells in the blood or a lack of haemoglobin in the red blood cells due to a shortage of iron, vit b12 and folic acid
38
symptoms anaemia
tired weak breathlessness dizziness headaches paleness poor appetite
39
treatment anaemia
taking supplements medial procedures
40
causes of anaemia
blood loss insufficient production of red blood cells poor diet lacking iron, folic acid, vit b12 poor iron absorption pregnancy-lack of iron if youre vegetarian
41
prevention of anaemia
follow a healthy diet eat iron rich foods-red meat eg liver have citrus fruit for folic acid have dairy products for vit B12 eat tomatoes, fruit for vit c monitor babies with low birth weight-babies need more iron for rapid growth
42
food allergy
immune system responds to a particular food which it regards as harmful
43
allergen
ingredient cause immune response
44
cause of allergies (egs)
cows milk eggs peanuts shellfish soya tree nuts wheat colourings (tartrazine) flavourings (MSG) preservatives
45
3 common allergic reactions and egs
skin reaction-rash, hives breathing problems-asthma. constricted airways intestinal reaction-stomach cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting
46
prevent allergy
avoid food completely read food labels replace foods causing allergies with similar foods check ingredients of dishes in restaurants where a medical identity alert bracelet
47
food intolerance
a non-allergic hypersensitivity to a certain food, drink, food additive or food ingredient that causes particular symptoms in the body
48
causes of food intolerance
absence of the enzyme needed to break down the specific food sensitivity for food additives celiacs disease
49
prevent food intolerance (2)
avoid the particular food determine if it is a food allergy or food intolerance
50
dairy/lactose intolerant
inability to digest the sugar (lactose) found in dairy products
51
cause dairy/lactose intolerant
Lactase is an enzyme that helps digest lactose (the sugar in dairy). If there isn’t enough lactase, lactose stays undigested and moves to the large intestine. Bacteria in the large intestine break it down, causing gas and fermentation. This leads to stomach pain, cramps, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating within 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating dairy. Symptoms can be mild or severe.
52
prevent dairy/lactose intolerant
avoid dairy products eat less dairy products but eat calcium found in oily fish, spinach or eat egg, liver which contain vitamin D and phosphorus take calcium supplements drink milk at meals or with other food-slow down digestive process buy low-lactase or lactose-free products use lactase drops or tablets
53
gluten intolerance
refers to celiacs disease, an allergic response to gluten causing inflammation and long term damage to the wall of the small intestine or a condition where individuals experience digestive and other symptoms after consuming gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, without having celiac disease.
54
causes gluten intolerance
cause unknown genetic triggers - like trauma gluten damages the villi so that they cannot absorb enough nutrients for good health
55
prevent gluten intolerance
avoid all foods containing wheat, barely, rye, contaminated oats replace wheat- rice cakes use gluten-free recipes read food labels take mineral + vit supplements
56
gluten free products eg gluten products eg
rice, mieliepap, rice crispies, rice cakes, potatoes, corn flakes pasta, soya sauce, sauces, soup powder, crumbed meat/fish
57
anorexia nervosa
psychological eating disorder that causes an obsession about body weight and diet. it develops into an obsessive fear of gaining weight
58
treatment anorexia nervosa
see a psychologist to help them understand who they really are, revert to healthier eating patterns
59
symptoms anorexia nervosa physical emotional and behavioural
excessive weight loss, mensuration stops, excessive thinness, fatigue, low blood pressure, osteoporosis, sensitivity to cold distorted body image, hunger denial, excessive exercise, depressive and moody, refusal to eat, fear of gaining weight, obsessive about food, secretive
60
causes anorexia nervosa biological psychological environmental
(unknown) genetics have obsessive compulsive personality traits be extreme perfectionists have a poor self-image society emphasises the importance of a thin body success and self worth are often equated with thinness peer pressure
61
prevention anorexia nervosa
regain a healthy weight with the help of a psychologist stick to treatment plan identify problem situations that might trigger bad eating habits join a support group hosipitalisation may be necessary
62
bulimia nervosa and what are the 2 categories
secretly gorge themselves on huge quantities of food (bingeing) and then purge to get rid of the extra calories 1. frequently vomits or misuses laxatives 2. uses other ways like fasting, strict diet, or excessive exercise
63
symptoms bulimia nervosa
obsession with weight and build fear of gaining weight eating to the point of discomfort or pain eating huge quantities of food- bingeing self induced vomiting or excessive exercising dry mouth, sore throat, swollen salivary glands, tooth decay-from vomiting
64
causes bulimia nervosa
unknown social expectations contribute
65
prevention bulimia nervosa
=maintain a healthy body weight ad obtain info about healthy nutrition-dieticians create an eating plan =psychotherapy- helps replace unhealthy beliefs and behaviours with positive ones , teaches skills to deal with stress, helps the family support the bulimic person =medication
66
obesity
condition where there is an abnormal amount of body fat relative to a persons height energy intake is more than the energy consumption over a long period of time and the surplus of energy is stored as fat
67
BMI
measuring body fat of adults based on weight and height
68
physical consequences obesity social consequences
heart diseases high BP high cholesterol stroke type 2 diabetes people discriminated against obese ppl children are bullied because of their weight=poor self image
69
causes obesity
inactive lifestyle unhealthy diet and eating habits-too much fast food and oversized portions pregnancy medication
70
prevent obesity dietary lifestyle
take in less kilojules include low GI foods eat smaller portions limit salt and sugar intake limit alcohol intake avoid fast foods regular exercise dont eat in front of Tv make a grocery list and stick to it
71
HIV/AIDS
AIDS is an infectious and deadly disease that is caused by HIV HIV=weakened immune system and develop into AIDS and be susceptible to opportunistic infections
72
opportunistic infections
infections contracted due to weakened immune system
73
causes HIV/AIDS
transmitted through bodily fluid -unprotected sex -blood transfusions with HIV-infected person -medical procedures with unsterilised equipment -transfer from an infected mother to her baby during birth or via breast milk
74
prevention HIV/AIDS
1. healthy eating habits to support immune system by: -maintaining healthy body weight -follow a balanced diet -eat a lot of fresh fruit and veges (Vit ACE) -drink clean, safe water -avoid alcohol 2. prepare and handle food hygienically -wash hands regularly -wash fruit and vege -use a separate chopping board for raw meat -wash hands, kitchen appliances with soapy water after use 3. exercise to stimulate appetite 4. take antiretrovirals
75
*LOOK in notes on pg 59 for more info protein vit ACE vit B6 Selenium Zinc Iron

consumers food and nutrition term 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions