unit 1

Question 1

kurt lewin field theory

Answer 1

His field theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of an individual’s psychological environment (their “life space”) and their behavior, suggesting that behavior is a function of both personal factors and environmental influences

Question 2

4 goals of psychology

Answer 2

1.describe 2.explain 3.predict
4.change.

Question 3

psychology is scientific study of

Answer 3

the mind and behavior .

Question 4

scientific method in 4 step

Answer 4

1.making observation /asking questions
2.forming hypothesis and making predictions
3.testing hypothesis and gathering evidence
4. interpretation of data and conclusions

Question 5

scientific method is

Answer 5

a systematic and objective way of gathering, analyzing and interpretation of data based on empirical(based on observation) evidence and logical reasoning.

Question 6

Environmental psychology is an

Answer 6

interdisciplinary(relating to more than one branch of knowledge) field that studies the complex and dynamic relationships between humans and their environments.

Question 7

Stimulus-Load theories is the notion

Answer 7

that humans have a limited capacity to process
information. When inputs exceed that capacity, people tend to ignore some inputs and devote more attention to others (Cohen)

Question 8

Arousal theories have been concerned with

Answer 8

with the influence of arousal on performance. Generally, performance is maximized at intermediate levels of arousal but falls off as arousal is
either increased or decreased.

Question 9

deplete

Answer 9

use up the supply.

Question 10

depict

Answer 10

represented by drawing, painting or other art form

Question 11

Wohlwill has argued that environments should be depicted in terms of

Answer 11

measurements applied to the dimensions of intensity, novelty, complexity, temporal variation,
surprisingness, and incongruity, all of which contribute to stimulus load.

Question 12

congruity

Answer 12

quality of agreement, harmony, and appropriateness between things

Question 13

behavior constraints theories focus on

Answer 13

the real, or perceived, limitations imposed on the organism
by the environment.
According to these theories, the environment can prevent, interfere with, or limit the behaviors of its inhabitants

Question 14

constraints

Answer 14

a limitation or restriction.

Question 15

berhm psychological reactance

Answer 15

assert that when we feel that we have lost control over the environment, we first experience discomfort and then attempt to reassert our control. If repeated
attempts to regain control are unsuccessful, learned helplessness may develop

Question 16

according to adaption theories

Answer 16

an intermediate level of stimulation is postulated to optimize behavior. organism either adapt or adjust.

Question 17

environmental stress theory

Answer 17

posits that stressors in the environment, like pollution or crowding, can negatively impact an individual’s physiological, mental, and emotional well-being

Question 18

two main types of stress

Answer 18

1.eustress: it is positive force that provide sense of well being.
2.distress: it is negative force that can lead to decline in well being.

Question 19

posits

Answer 19

postulate/put forward as a fact and argument.

Question 20

Hans Selye GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Answer 20

(GAS) is a theory describing the body’s response to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 21

Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 21

a principle in behavioral psychology, suggests that there’s an optimal level of stress or arousal for task performance

Question 22

elementary psychophysics’

Answer 22

explores the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they evoke.

Question 23

absolute threshold

Answer 23

The minimum intensity
required by a stimulus to be detected is called the absolute threshold.

Question 24

objectives of elementary psychophysics

Answer 24

1. stimulus detection
2. stimulus recognition
3. stimulus discrimination
   4.stimulus scaling

Question 25

JND(just noticeably difference)

Answer 25

An increase in the intensity of a stimulus above its original level required for a person to notice a difference in the level of intensity

Question 26

Weber’s Law

Answer 26

High-intensity stimuli require a proportionately larger increase to produce the Just noticeable difference (JND)

Question 27

cognition

Answer 27

the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses

Question 28

perception defination

Answer 28

the process by which sensory information is organized, interpreted, and assigned meaning, allowing individuals to understand their environment and interact with it.

Question 29

perception involves

Answer 29

1.labeling(identifying) 2. describing(detail of stimulus) 3. attaching meaning to the world.

Question 30

key principals of gestalt psychology

Answer 30

1.good form 2. holistic orientation 3.size constancy

Question 31

probabilistic functionalism

Answer 31

a theory, particularly in psychology, that emphasizes the probabilistic nature of perception and behavior. It suggests that environmental cues are imperfect indicators of objects and that individuals select cues based on their usefulness in responding.