Unit 1

Question 1

Population Distribution - China

Answer 1

Concentrated in eastern parts - coastal zones and lower river valleys.
More than 10% on 1% of land.
Result of country’s physical geography e.g. remain for agriculture/coast for trade.
50 cities with over 1 million inhabitants - faster urbanisation.
160 million migrants left rural to work in urban areas.
Land and labour costs risen - governments have moved internal migrants.

Question 2

Ethiopia Population Distribution

Answer 2

105 million
People live near the mountains (cultural factors) and the capital city of Addis Ababa.
To the east is dry and barren land with a little population.

Question 3

France Population Distribution

Answer 3

67 million
People live near Paris or on the coast/near other major cities. It has a major sphere of influence pulling people to the area. Very few people live in the mountains and external migration is from elsewhere into Paris, whereas internal migration is a way from Paris to the coast.

Question 4

Syria Migration

Answer 4

Growth of ISIS - repression of government led to displacement of 10 million.
Population fears that government was using Syrian army to kill its own population.
4.5 million Syrian refugees.
1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon 50% whom children - strain on education, healthcare, sanitation and etc.
Schools were forced to provide for 10,000 children.

Question 5

Bangladesh Migration

Answer 5

Climate change - sea levels rising - increase the levels of floods - lack of food production.

People move from countryside to mega city of Dhaka:

Increasing population
There is an increase in waste and water pollution
Lack of jobs - increase in illegal jobs
Cultural tensions
An increase in cyclones due to climate change means that the land is flooded therefore a loss in agriculture - lower food production and less reliable income - useful land is lost.

Land is flooded therefore- salts from the sea seeps into the soil. This increases the soil salinity meaning crops cannot grow.

Question 6

Mumbai

Answer 6

Uneven distribution of wealth - 75% of population live in slums.
Gender imbalance.
941:1000 reflects male migration.
Dhavari, area of 2km - home to over 1 million - pressure to clear land for industrial developments.
Lack of services from urbanisation including minimal sewer system causing disease and water pump works for 2 hours a day.
High employment leads TNCs to exploit worker with bad pay and conditions.
Per capita income 3x national average 6% total GDP.
Indias largest city - population of 18 million.
Before 1970 economy was based on textiles and trades moved to quaternary sector e.g. engineering and tech.
Financial, commercial and entertainment centre. 40% of foreign trade, TNCs base and Bollywood film centre.

Question 7

Japan’s Ageing Population

Answer 7

27% aged over 65 and create burden on pension funds and welfare programmes - causes more problems - depletion of workforce, falling demand for childcare jobs, inadequate nursing facilities.
Large decrease in birth and death rates - elderly people living alone increased from 0.8-2.5 million in 15 years. Young people 13% population.
Government can raise taxes, retirement age and cut back on welfare programmes.

Question 8

Gender Equality Kerala, India

Answer 8

Women are marginalised in economic process and lack resource control.
Concentrated in low - paying jobs e.g. farming and still passes girls traditional households duties preventing career progression.
71% educated women are unemployed 18% men.

Microfinance systems - have been set up to empower women but social discrimination prevents entry into male dominationed high-paying industries.

Women are most ‘well off’ in India, highest female, male sex ratio and female literacy rate has increased 86% to 92% and high life expectancy.

Tradition of equal education and employment opportunities, high personal autonomy for women.

Question 9

China One Child Policy

Answer 9

1970
Reduced population by 1.3 million and prevented 400 million births.
Resulted in uneven sex ratios due to highest value of boys and many girls were aborted.
Shrinking labour force as higher proportion reached retirement age.
1.6 working adults to support per elderly person.
Relaxed in 2015 to two children which could result in baby boom which strained services and population will exceed food availability.

Question 10

Ethiopia - Demographic Dividend

Answer 10

Due to an increase in standard of living, increasing popularity of family planning, and more girls staying in school for longer, the fertility rates are dropping significantly.
This causes accelerated economic growth, as less time is put into caring for children, and more into workforce.