Unit 3 - Resource Consumption And Security Flashcards
(6 cards)
Nexus Security - in South Asia - Low Security
South Asia struggles to provide water and energy to grow food. High degree of dependency of downstream communities on upstream ecosystem services e.g. water for irrigation.
3% of land but 25% population is food deficient undernourished 21% of South Asian population being 35% of worlds undernourishment.
To feed growing population agricultural output must increase by 70% but declining crop land due to urbanisation makes it difficult.
Population has changing opinions about meat which is more energy intensive to produce but there is more demand for it.
63% population doesn’t have access to electricity - hydropower is limited due to risk of causing landslides so energy diversification is tough and 65% use biomass.
Religion experiencing deforestation, land degradation, declining productivity has increased severity of flooding and lower water quality without ecosystem management all factors are at risk.
Increase (70-80%) of agricultural production depends on groundwater irrigation, groundwater pumping requires excessive energy increasing demand for electricity.
High dependence on upstream creates need for downstream coordination and sustainable development to provide. Provide dry season water for irrigation and hydropower.
Growing water demand increase by 55%, providing access to safe drinking water is key. However, water-intensive adaption leads to increased pollution and water bourne diseases.
SDGs
End to extreme poverty by 2030 - 2015, 10% were in extreme poverty.
Promote access to affordable and renewable energy - still more than 1 billion without electricity access in 2012.
Conservation and sustainable use of marine resources - 40% impacted by human activity e.g. pollution.
Nexus Security in Norway (High)
Impacts - economic gain, government pension fund to save large portion of oil reserves ensuring financial stability if prices fluctuate.
Environmental benefits - strong ref=gulations to protect over-exploitation ensuring future needs are met.
High living standards, populations are happy and secure minimising crime and poor mental health.
Energy - global leader in renewable energy 98% through hydropower.
Significant oil and gas reserves in North Sea providing further stability - country is self sufficient in energy generation.
Water - abundance from freshwater from glaciers and rivers contribute to high water security. One of the most naturally water rich country globally.
Food - high because of well developed agriculture reliance on sustainability and strong government support. Wealth and advanced technology ensure insecurity is rare.
Management is high that balances economic growth and environmental sustainability. High investment in new tech has increased yield but sustainability goals ensure environmental protection.
Resource Use - Cars
60% world leaders use predicted to run out by 2030 unsustainable for future transport demand.
Recycling needed for spare car parts to be used in newly produced cars.
Saving manufacturing include 80% less energy, 88% less water and 70% less waste.
Phones - Resource Use
2010 volume of e-waste was 750000 tonnes materials in these have high value e.g. gold and silver in EU 500 million of materials lost per year.
15% are recycled. This would be easier is designs were standardised. This would mean less imports lowering transport and manufacturing emission.
Need for reuse (long-life cycle) more recycling and re manufacture (currently 0%).
Remanufacturing
Process of restoring products to new condition of original product.
