unit 1

Question 1

independent variable

Answer 1

in a study testing if sleep affects test performance

Question 2

dependent variable

Answer 2

In a study on sleep and test scores

Question 3

confounding variable

Answer 3

In a study on sleep and test scores. If caffeine intake isn’t controlled

Question 4

random assignment

Answer 4

in a clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned to receive a placebo or drug

Question 5

random sampling

Answer 5

a researcher draws names from a hat containing every student at school

Question 6

positive correlation

Answer 6

as the number of hours studied increases, exam scores also increase

Question 7

negative correlation

Answer 7

as the number of hours watching TV increases, GPA tends to decrease

Question 8

no correlation

Answer 8

there is no consistent relationship between shoe size and intelligence

Question 9

case study

Answer 9

a psychologist studies one patient with a rare memory disorder over several years

Question 10

correlational study

Answer 10

researchers find that students who sleep more tend to have higher GPAs, using surveys and statistical analysis

Question 11

naturalistic observation

Answer 11

a researcher watches how children play in a park without interfering

Question 12

experiment

Answer 12

a researcher randomly assigns participants to drink either coffee or decaf then measures their reaction times