Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History Nationalism in Europe > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Who prepared a series of four prints visualizing a world made up of democratic and social Republics in 1848?

A

Frédéric Sorrieu

Sorrieu was a French artist who depicted his vision of nationalism in Europe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the term ‘absolutist’ refer to?

A

A government or system of rule that has no restraints on power exercised

Historically, it refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised and repressive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a ‘utopian’ vision?

A

A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which countries are depicted as already existing nation-states in Sorrieu’s print?

A
  • United States
  • Switzerland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What flag did the peoples of Germany carry in Sorrieu’s print?

A

The black, red, and gold flag.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the significance of the statue of Liberty in Sorrieu’s print?

A

It symbolizes freedom and enlightenment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the role of nationalism in 19th-century Europe?

A

It brought about sweeping changes leading to the emergence of nation-states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Ernst Renan, what is essential for the existence of a nation?

A
  • Common glories in the past
  • Common will in the present
  • Great deeds performed together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a plebiscite?

A

A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did the French Revolution proclaim about the nation?

A

The nation would henceforth be constituted by the people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What measures did the French revolutionaries introduce to create a sense of collective identity?

A
  • Ideas of la patrie (the fatherland)
  • The concept of le citoyen (the citizen)
  • A new French flag (the tricolour)
  • Formation of the National Assembly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Napoleonic Code of 1804 known for?

A

It established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the mixed reactions of local populations to French rule during Napoleon’s conquests?

A
  • Initial welcome as liberators
  • Hostility due to increased taxation and conscription
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What historical event began in 1821 related to nationalism?

A

Greek struggle for independence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What key change occurred as a result of the French Revolution?

A

Sovereignty was transferred from the monarchy to the citizens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What characterized the aristocracy in Europe in the 19th century?

A

A landed aristocracy that was united by a common way of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What social changes accompanied industrialization in 19th-century Europe?

A
  • Growth of towns
  • Emergence of commercial classes
  • Development of a working-class population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was the relationship between nationalism and liberalism in early 19th-century Europe?

A

Ideas of national unity were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fill in the blank: A nation is a large-scale _______.

A

solidarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What new social groups emerged in Europe during the nineteenth century?

A

A working-class population and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, and professionals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the term ‘liberalism’ derive from?

A

The Latin root liber, meaning free.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What political concept did liberalism emphasize?

A

Government by consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What significant political changes did liberalism advocate for following the French Revolution?

A
  • End of autocracy
  • Abolition of clerical privileges
  • Constitution
  • Representative government through parliament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False: Equality before the law in the early nineteenth century included universal suffrage.

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What economic principle did liberalism support?
Freedom of markets and abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
26
What was the customs union formed in 1834 called?
Zollverein.
27
What did the Zollverein achieve?
* Abolished tariff barriers * Reduced number of currencies from over thirty to two.
28
What was the primary aim of conservatives following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?
To preserve established, traditional institutions of state and society.
29
Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich.
30
What was the main goal of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?
To undo most of the changes that had come about during the Napoleonic wars.
31
What did the conservative regimes established in 1815 impose to control dissent?
Censorship laws.
32
Who was Giuseppe Mazzini and what was his vision?
An Italian revolutionary who believed nations should be the natural units of mankind and advocated for a unified Italian republic.
33
What significant event took place in France in July 1830?
The Bourbon kings were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries.
34
What sparked nationalist feelings across Europe during the Greek War of Independence?
Support from Greeks in exile and West Europeans sympathetic to ancient Greek culture.
35
What cultural movement sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment?
Romanticism.
36
Who was Johann Gottfried Herder and what did he emphasize?
A German philosopher who claimed true German culture was found among the common people through folk traditions.
37
What role did language play in developing nationalist sentiments in Poland?
It became a weapon of national resistance against Russian dominance.
38
What were the Grimm Brothers known for?
Collecting old folktales and developing the German language.
39
What economic conditions led to widespread hardship in Europe during the 1830s?
* Increase in population * More job seekers than employment * Overcrowded slums * Competition from imports * Rise in food prices.
40
What major event occurred in Paris in 1848?
Food shortages and unemployment led to uprisings, resulting in Louis Philippe's flight.
41
What year did the National Assembly proclaim a Republic in France?
1848 ## Footnote This event followed widespread food shortages and unemployment.
42
What rights were granted by the National Assembly to adult males?
Suffrage to all adult males above 21 ## Footnote This was part of the revolutionary changes in 1848.
43
What did the national workshops established during the 1848 revolution aim to provide?
Employment ## Footnote These were created in response to high unemployment.
44
What sparked the Silesian weavers' uprising in 1845?
Contractors reduced payments drastically ## Footnote This exploitation led to a revolt among weavers.
45
Who described the extreme misery of workers in Silesia?
Wilhelm Wolff ## Footnote He highlighted the desperate conditions faced by cotton weavers.
46
What was Carl Welcker's viewpoint on women's roles?
Women are weaker and require the protection of men ## Footnote He believed equality would endanger family harmony.
47
What did Louise Otto-Peters advocate for in her feminist journal?
Political rights for women ## Footnote She argued that liberty should be indivisible and include women.
48
What was the significance of the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848?
It aimed to create a constitution for a unified German nation ## Footnote It was a significant liberal initiative for national unification.
49
What did Friedrich Wilhelm IV do when offered the crown of Germany?
He rejected it ## Footnote This rejection highlighted the opposition to the elected assembly.
50
What was the outcome of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?
Conservative forces suppressed liberal movements ## Footnote However, they could not restore the old order completely.
51
Who was the chief minister responsible for German unification?
Otto von Bismarck ## Footnote He utilized the Prussian army and bureaucracy to achieve unification.
52
What was the outcome of the wars led by Prussia from 1864 to 1871?
Prussian victories completed German unification ## Footnote This culminated in the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
53
What was the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in Italian unification?
He sought to establish a unitary Italian Republic ## Footnote Mazzini founded Young Italy to promote his goals.
54
What was the significance of the year 1861 for Italy?
Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy ## Footnote This marked a major step in the unification process.
55
What were the 'Red Shirts' known for?
They were volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi ## Footnote They played a significant role in the unification of Italy.
56
What characterizes the Italian population's awareness of nationalism during unification?
Many remained unaware of liberal-nationalist ideology ## Footnote Illiteracy rates were high, leading to a lack of understanding.
57
Fill in the blank: The proclamation of the German Empire took place in the Hall of _______.
Mirrors ## Footnote This event occurred at Versailles on January 18, 1871.
58
What did the new German state emphasize after unification?
Modernizing currency, banking, legal and judicial systems ## Footnote Prussian measures became a model for the rest of Germany.
59
True or False: Women were granted voting rights during the election of the Frankfurt Assembly.
False ## Footnote Women were only allowed to observe in the visitors' gallery.
60
What were the Red Shirts?
A volunteer army led by Garibaldi during the campaign for Italian unification, eventually growing to about 30,000 members.
61
What obstacle to Italian unification did Garibaldi face in 1867?
The Papal States, defended by combined French and Papal troops.
62
When were the Papal States finally joined to Italy?
In 1870, after the withdrawal of French troops due to the war with Prussia.
63
What was the primary identity of the people in the British Isles before the eighteenth century?
Ethnic identities such as English, Welsh, Scot, or Irish.
64
What significant political event occurred in England in 1688?
The English parliament seized power from the monarchy.
65
What was the Act of Union (1707)?
It united England and Scotland, forming the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.
66
What was the impact of the growth of a British identity on Scotland?
Scotland's culture and political institutions were suppressed.
67
What happened to the Scottish Highlanders who asserted their independence?
They suffered repression, were forbidden to speak Gaelic, wear national dress, and many were driven out of their homeland.
68
What was the fate of Ireland under British rule?
It was divided between Catholics and Protestants, with Protestant dominance enforced by the English.
69
What significant event occurred in Ireland in 1801?
Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom.
70
What symbols represented the new British nation?
* British flag (Union Jack) * National anthem (God Save Our Noble King) * English language
71
What was the purpose of personifying nations in art during the 18th and 19th centuries?
To give abstract ideas of nations a concrete form through female allegories.
72
Who was Marianne?
The allegory of the French nation, representing Liberty and the Republic.
73
What attributes were associated with Marianne?
* Red cap * Tricolour * Cockade
74
What did Germania symbolize?
The German nation, often depicted wearing a crown of oak leaves.
75
What does the term 'allegory' mean?
An abstract idea expressed through a person or thing, having both literal and symbolic meanings.
76
What attributes of Germania are symbolically significant?
* Broken chains (freedom) * Crown of oak leaves (heroism) * Sword (readiness to fight) * Olive branch (peace) * Black, red, and gold tricolour (liberal-nationalists' flag)
77
What was the state of nationalism in Europe by the late 19th century?
It became more intolerant and narrow, often leading to wars.
78
What was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
The Balkans, comprising various Slavic nationalities.
79
What role did the Ottoman Empire play in the Balkans?
It controlled a large part of the region, facing nationalist uprisings.
80
What was the relationship between nationalism and imperialism in the early 20th century?
Nationalism aligned with imperialism led Europe to disaster in 1914.
81
What was the outcome of nationalist movements in colonized countries?
They aimed to form independent nation-states, inspired by a sense of national unity against imperialism.
82
What was one of the characteristics of nationalism in Europe compared to other parts of the world?
European ideas of nationalism were adapted into specific varieties in different countries.

History Nationalism in Europe (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions