Unit 1/2 - Digital Information/ The Internet Flashcards
(30 cards)
Binary
a way of rep. info using only two options
Decimal
a way of rep. info using ten options
Bit
a contraction of “binary digit”; the single unit of info in a comp (represented as a 0 or 1)
Byte
8 bits
Overflow error
error from attempting to rep a # that is too large
Round-off Error
error from attempting to represent a # that is too precise (value is rounded)
Analog Data
Data with values that change continuously or smoothly over time. (ex. music, colors of a painting, position of a sprinter)
Digital Data
data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values
Sampling
selecting a subset of data from a larger dataset to represent the whole
a process for creating a digital rep of analog data ->
by measuring the analog data at regular intervals (aka/ samples)
Lossless Compression
a process for reducing the # of bits needed to rep something w/o losing any info (process is reversible)
Lossy Compression
process for reducing the # of bits needed to rep something in which some info is lost / thrown away. (not reversible)
Intellectual property
A work or invention to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
Creative Commons
A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work (ex. used author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created)
Computing Device
a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
Computing System
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Computing Network
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Path
the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.
Bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.
Protocol
An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
IP Address
The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP)
a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Router
A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Packet
A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.
Redundancy
the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail
(ex. by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.)
