Reportable Disease
Laws and regulations of a state or jurisdiction require it to be reported
Notifiable Disease
Regular, frequent and timely information regarding individual cases is necessary for prevention and control the disease.
Incidence
Number of new diagnoses per 100,000 people
Order of infection incidence in rate/100,000 (largest to smallest)
Common cold (25,000) Gonorrhea (104) Influenza (25) AIDS (13) Strep pneumonia (10) Measles (
SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nov 2002 - July 2003 Contagious pneumonia 8000 cases worldwide Came from Civets Spread from Hotel Metropole
Swine Flu (H1N1)
Started in Mexico - 2009 Quarantine efforts Triple recombination between human and animal influenza 0.01% of world population died (250,000 deaths)
Percent of world population that died from influenza pandemic of 1919
3%
Percent of world population that died from influenza pandemic of 1968
0.03%
MERS
2012 - 2014 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Found in camels and bats 100 deaths worldwide
Type-2 Diabetes
Resembles infectious condition Modification of the microbiome of experimental animas can induce T2D Differences in GI microorganisms - no specific pathogen
Other diseases that may be due to an infectious agent
Alzheimer's MS
Pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) - Site of infection
Scalp - especially behind ears
Pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) - Classic presentation
School girls sharing hair accessories
Pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) - Treatment for patient
Insecticidal shampoo TWICE with 10 DAYS IN BETWEEN. Combing.
Pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) - treatment for environment
Hot wash all clothes and linen. Check family and classmates.
Pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) - Special consideration
Allergic reactions to louse saliva Secondary staph infection
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) - Site
Clothing - especially seams
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) - Classic presentation
Homeless person
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) - Treatment for patient
Refer for services Improve hygiene
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) - Treatment for environment
Discard clothing or wash plus insecticide treatment
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) - Special considerations
Can transmit typhus Trench fever Relapsing fever
Pthirus pubis (pubic lice) - Site
Pubic hair
Pthirus pubis (pubic lice) - Classic presentation
Sexually promiscuous
Pthirus pubis (pubic lice) - Treatment for patient
Shave pubic hair or coat with vaseline
Pthirus pubis (pubic lice) - Treatment for environment
Hot wash all clothes and linens Check partners and children
Pthirus pubis (pubic lice) - Sepecial considerations
Marker for other STDs Condoms not protective
Spirochetes - Treponema
Syphilis Yaws Pinta
T. pallidum - general features
Syphilis Not visible to light microscope --> dark field Delicate, motile (corkscrew), human restricted, not culturable Transmission: sexual, blood, congenital (readily cross placenta, leads to severe secondary syphilis) Virulence based on immune evasion
T. pallidum Pathogenesis
Penetrates abrasions and mucous membranes to enter lymphatics and blood stream. Invades CNS Surface of spirochete is non-immunogenic Down regulates Th1 cells
Stages of syphilis
Primary: 3-6 wks, painless chancres on genitals which usually "heals" Secondary: 4-10 wks, Systemic symptoms flu-like, rash on palms and soles, condoylomata lata, high Ab titers Latent syphilis: secondary symptoms resolve but may return intermittently over time Tertiary: Gummatous syphilis - granulomatous lesions Cardiovascular syphilis - aneurysm Neurosyphilis - meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, parenchymal neurosyphilis