Unit 1 Flashcards
(110 cards)
0
Q
Ur
A
The city where Avraham, Sarai and Lot lived
1
Q
Terach
A
Avrahams father
2
Q
Creation story
A
God creates the world in opposites and in order for people to live: Heaven + Earth Light + darkness Evening + morning Day + night Water below + water above Sea + sky Earth + sea Plants, seeds, fruits trees Sun, moon, stars Birds, sea monsters, fish
3
Q
Babylonian creation
A
The gods struggled and fought against each other, Marduk killed his mother and used her body to build the earth. Marduk later created people to help relieve the gods
4
Q
Bereshit chapter 2
A
The world is created in reverse order, only 2 specific people are mentioned (Adam and eve)
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Q
Mark of Cain
A
To humiliate as well as to protect Cain from anyone who wants to kill him
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Q
“If you do right there is uplift, but if you do not do right sin is crouching at your door”
A
^from Cain and Able (god says it to Cain) Shows mankind rules themselves
7
Q
Covenant of the 7 laws of the sons of Noah
A
1) you can eat meat-> it must be dead 2) no murder 3)no theft 4)no adultery/insesct 5)no idolatry 6)no cursing/blaspheming god 7)must establish a legal/judicial system
8
Q
Israeli Geography
A
Mediterranean -> costal plain -> low lands -> judean/ Sumerian mountains -> Rift Valley -> trans-Jordanian mountains
9
Q
Ancient roads
A
Costal road (on the coast) Patriarchs road/דרך האבות (on judean mountains) Beit Horon Ascent (across) Kings road (trans Jordanian mountain)
10
Q
Beit Horon ascent
A
Road that goes across the land
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Q
New covenant
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Mark: circumcision Change of names to Avraham and Sarah Re confirmed nation and land ALL families would be blessed by Avraham
12
Q
4 Ds
A
Dinner, drink, defense, drive
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Q
Tel
A
Unnatural mound which develops over the course of the years from debreis of settlements built on one another
14
Q
Stratum
A
A layer that represents a period of time in a settlement uncovered while excavating a site
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Q
Artifact
A
Man made object
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Q
Ostracon
A
A shard with writing on it
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Q
Bedrock
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Original level of soil before it was built on
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Q
“High place”
A
Center of cananite culture
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Q
Baal
A
Cananite god symbolized by a bull
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Q
Ashtoret
A
Cananite goddess of fertility
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Q
Molech
A
Cananite god of thunder, war (appeased by sacrifice of children)
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Q
Hebron
A
Cave where Abraham, yischack, Rebecca, yaacov, Leah are buired
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Q
Amalek
A
Attacked israel unprovoked -> greatest enemy
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7 fruits of Israel
Figs Olives Pomegranates dates Wheat Barley Grapes
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Hammurabi's code
Babylonian law code -\> focus on STUFF rather than life, harsh punishments for stealing
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Biblical laws
First laws to change what was set up in hammurabis code, harsher punishments over harming life than items
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1750 BCE
Patriarchs and matriarchs
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1280 BCE
Moses and exodus from Egypt
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1240 BCE
Joshua concures Israel
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1200-1025 BCE
Period of judges
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1025-928 BCE
United monarchy (shaul, David, Solomon)
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722 BCE
Northern kingdom concoured by Assyrians
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701 BCE
Assyrians attack Judah, hezikiah saves Jerusalem
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586 BCE - 9th of Av
Babylonians destroy first temple
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United monarchy
Monarchy between 1025-928 when Israel and Judah were together
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Divided monarchy
After 928 when the monarchy's split apart -\> jeroboam ruled the north, rechavam south
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Costal road
Road across the coast
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Patriarchs road (דרך האבות)
Road across the judean mountains
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Kings road
Across trans Jordanian mountains
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Golden calves
After Israel split into two kingdoms, there were golden calves at the temples in Israel in dan and beit el
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Joshua
Moseses main disciple, succeeded him in death
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Why judges?
People were thinking in terms of tribes not as a big group of Jews/Israelites -caused danger militarily and spiritually -susceptible to cananite influences
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Deborah
Fought a war against cannanited from the north in the gezrial valley. During the fight, a flood sticks cannanites in the mud Only some tribes (naftali, Isaccar) help fight
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Gideon
"Go in this strength of yours and deliver Israel" Beating wheat in the wine press, battle at the bottom of Gilboa in gezrial valley People offer Gideon kingship
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"Go in this strength of yours and deliver Israel"
God to Gideon when Gideon is mad at him for his situation
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"I shall not rule over you, nor shall my son rule over you, god will rule over you"
Gideon to those who offered him kingship
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Sampson
-in conflict with philistines -\> is eventually killed by them תמות נפשי עם הפלישים "Let my soul die with the philistines"
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"Let my soul die with the philistines"
Samson before dying and killing many philistines with him
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Samuel
Son of Hannah, he was born after she prayed in the temple and promised her son to god. Heater became adviser to kind Saul
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King Saul
First king of Israel, not well educated Picked by shmuel to be king Saved Yavesh from Amon by threatening all the people that he would cut up their cattle if they didn't help fight Tried to unify Israel into 1 country Stamp out polytheism Defeated in battle in the gezrial valley -\> philistines stole his head
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King Saul losing the crown
King Saul "loses his crown" when his troops best amalek but plunder their city which they were told not to do. Samuel "takes away" his right to rule
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David
David becomes king by marrying sauls daughter Michal after beating Goliath Reunited all tribes as one David always leads his troops into battle Rules for 7 years in Hebron 33 in Jerusalem Names SHLOMO as next king
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Fertile Crescent
"Crescent" of land in Mesopotamia where civilization grew because the land was most fertile
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Brit/Brit mila
Sign of Gods covenant with Avraham
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3 pilgrimage holidays
Passover, shavot, succot
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Solomonic gate
Upgraded version of the Canaanite gates-\> had 6 chambers instead of 4 (Gezer and Megiddo)
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Case mate wall
Wall with houses inside, in times of war the houses could be filled with sand and rocks to reinforce and prevent entry
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Leket/לקת
Dropped- any crop you drop you must leave for the poor
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Shechecha/שכחה
Forgotten- any area you forget to pick up when harvesting you have to leave there
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Peah/פאה
Corner- you must leave corners of your field for the poor
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Shmita/שמיתה
Every 7 years you can't plant for a year
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Why Jerusalem as a Capitol?
4Ds Central location Not owned by one tribe Where akedat yischack took place
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David's fall
David has an affair, woman gets pregnant. He attempts to fix it by getting her husband to have sex with her and then convincing him it was his, but when he won't he has the husband killed in war. The prophet Nathan tells him he was wrong, and the child dies
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Baal teshuva
Someone who sins but repents (like David)
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Nathan
Prophet of David's time -\> told him he fucked up
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Solomon
David's son Married a Pharos daughter to make an alliance No war during his time Upgraded roads for trade BUILT THE FIRST TEMPLE
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Jeroboam
Rebelled and caused the monarchy to split in 2 (Israel and Judea) Closed boarder to Judah so his citizens couldn't go to the temple Built temples in dan and beit el
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Dan and Beit El
Two towns in Israel where jeroboam Built temples
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Patriarchs/matriarchs
Avraham, yischack, yaacov, Sarah, Rachel Rebecca and Leah
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Moses
Lead the people out of Israel, got the Torah and saini, wandered around the desert with them for 40 years and didn't go I to Israel
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Achav (ahab)
King of Israel ~900s BCE most powerful king of Israel great/golden age Established idolatrist temples Married a foreign princess from Lebanon -\> cursed by Elijah because he built idolatrist temples His wife kills all the possible prophets she can find
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Rechavam
Son of Solomon, "my father whipped you with whips I'm going to whip you with scorpions"
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"My father whipped you with whips, I'm going to whip you with scorpions"
Rechavam
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Elijah
Prophet of achavs time, he cursed Israel causing famine and no rain, he argued that Achav was the one destroying Israel and he eventually battled the polytheistic prophets by making fire on an alter. He then ran to sini and gave up on the Jews
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Jezebel
Achavs polytheistic wife
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"How long will you keep hopping between doors?"
Elija to Achav-\> aka how long will you keep switching between polytheism and mono theism
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10 lost tribes
10 lost tribes lost because they assimilated into Asyrian culture
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Hezikiah
King of Jerusalem, he secured It against the Assyrians by building a massive wall and water tunells to secure the cities water
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Nebuchadnezzar
King of Babylon who conquered Jerusalem and destroyed first temple
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Amos
Comes up from Judah to talk to the Israelites, he speaks of all those who he's going to curse and then adds that he's going to curse israel
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Hoshea
God tells him to marry a prostitute, he does and she's unfaithful -\> symbolizes how Israelites are unfaithful to god -\> god suffers when Israelites are unfaithful
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Prophets
God actively spoke to prophets, built up a social and moral code
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"You alone have I singled out of all the families of the earth"
Hosea (speaking of isreal)
84
Micha
During the time of hezikiah, had a vision of a utopia where god is god forever, beit hamikdash still standing, SAID YOU CANT SIN AND FIX IT WITH SACRIFICE
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"And what The Lord requires of you, only to do justice and to love goodness and to walk modestly with your god"
Micha about what god wanted
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Jeremiah
Young, forced into his role but very dedicated God promised to protect him Told Jews in a letter that they wouldn't be allowed to return from Babylon for 70 years
87
Jews in Babylon
Prevent assimilation by creating temples, synagogues, reading Torah/prophets, making schools, communities for Jews
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Dina demalchuta Dina
The law of the country is law
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Nebuchadnezzar
King of Babylon who conquered Jerusalem and destroyed first temple
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Amos
Comes up from Judah to talk to the Israelites, he speaks of all those who he's going to curse and then adds that he's going to curse israel
91
Hoshea
God tells him to marry a prostitute, he does and she's unfaithful -\> symbolizes how Israelites are unfaithful to god -\> god suffers when Israelites are unfaithful
92
Prophets
God actively spoke to prophets, built up a social and moral code
93
"You alone have I singled out of all the families of the earth"
Hosea (speaking of isreal)
94
Micha
During the time of hezikiah, had a vision of a utopia where god is god forever, beit hamikdash still standing, SAID YOU CANT SIN AND FIX IT WITH SACRIFICE
95
"And what The Lord requires of you, only to do justice and to love goodness and to walk modestly with your god"
Micha about what god wanted
96
Jeremiah
Young, forced into his role but very dedicated God promised to protect him Told Jews in a letter that they wouldn't be allowed to return from Babylon for 70 years
97
Jews in Babylon
Prevent assimilation by creating temples, synagogues, reading Torah/prophets, making schools, communities for Jews
98
Dina demalchuta Dina
The law of the country is law
99
Hananya
Said Jews would return to Israel in two years (wrong)
100
Ezekiel
Prophet in babylon with very intense dreams -\> he saw "dry bones" and had to make them come to life, symbolized the people of Israel being like dead, dry bones and ezikiel must be the one to bring them hope
101
EVEN IN EXILE YOU MUST NEVER FORGET JERUSALEM
Motivation to return after they went to Babylon
102
Cyrus
King of Persia who let Jews go back to Israel, encouraged building of 2nd temple Prevented rebellion
103
Gezer calender
Discovered at tel gezer, early Hebrew writing found on a stone, proves that Jews lived there
104
Jerusalem valleys
Henom valley, HaGai valley, kidron valley
105
Jerusalem Valleys (picture)
106
Israel geography (map)
107
Naomi
mother in law of ruth, she insisited that her daughter in laws stay behind in Moav when she returned to Beit Lechem, but Ruth insists on following
108
Rutha
Ruth was Naomis daughter in law, a non jew who left her home in Moab to follow her mother in law to Beit Lechem. She later married her uncle ish person because of a law whose name i cant remember
109
20th tishrei 5758
my birthday motherfuckers
