Unit 1 Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
where is the fovea dentis located
A
on the dorsal surface of the ventral arch
2
Q
what passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra
A
vertebral vessels and nerves
3
Q
what passes through the alar foramen of cervical vertebra
A
vertebral artery and ventral branch of the first cervical spinal nerve
4
Q
what passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of C1
A
vertebral artery and the first cervical spinal nerve
5
Q
what passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of C2
A
the second cervical nerve
6
Q
cranial articular processes are directed
A
dorsomedially
7
Q
caudal articular processes are directed
A
ventrolaterally
8
Q
transverse foramina are in what cervical vertebra in the horse
A
C1-C6
9
Q
Transverse foramina are in what cervical vertebra in the ruminant
A
C2-C6
10
Q
what can be used as a landmark for radiographs using C6
A
ventral tubercle (lamina) of the transverse processes of c6 are more extensive
11
Q
what vertebra has a caudal costal fovea
A
C7
12
Q
C7 transverse process
A
undivided and usually does not have a transverse foramen
13
Q
what is a dewlap
A
penulous skin fold located alon gthe ventral apsect of the neck
14
Q
what are wattles
A
elongated skin appendages located in the throat region
15
Q
the dewlap and wattles are likely involved in what
A
thermoregulation
16
Q
wattles are most commonly found in
A
goats
17
Q
what are the attachments of the cutaneous colli (only prominent in horse)
A
manubrium; superficial cervical fascia to ventral midline
18
Q
what is the function of cutaneous colli
A
tightens and moves the skin on the ventral surface of the neck
19
Q
what are the actions of the brachiocephalicus
A
- when the head and neck are fixed, drawing the limb cranially and thus extending the shoulder joint.
- when right and left muscles act separately, bending the head and neck to the side
20
Q
what is the function of cleidooccipitalis in the ruminant
A
advances the limb cranially and raises the head
21
Q
what are the attachments of the cleidooccipitalis
A
clavicular intersection; nuchal line of the skull and funicular nuchal ligament
22
Q
cleidomastoideus attachments
A
mastoid process and clavicular intersection
23
Q
what is the function of the cleidomastoideus in the ruminant
A
draws the limb cranially and draws the head ventrally or laterally
24
Q
what is the function of the cleidobrachialis
A
draws the limb cranially
25
omotransversarius attachments in the horse
(adhered to cleidomastoideus); shoulder fascia (horse does not have acromion) and transverse processes of c1-c4
26
omotransversarius attachments in the ruminants
acromion of scapula and wing of atlas (also partially attaches to the transverse process of the axis)
27
what is the function of the omotransversarius
draws the limb cranially and bends the neck to the side
28
what is the function of the sternomandibularis in the horse
flexes the head and neck and bends the head and neck to the side
29
what is the function of the sternomastoideus in the ox and goat
fix and draw the head and neck ventraly
30
what separates the jugular vein from the carotid sheath in the ox and goat (cranial neck)
the sternomastoideus
31
what are the attachments of the sternomandibularis in the ox
rostral border of the masseter muscle, ventral border of the mandible, and depressor labii inferioris muscle
32
what are the attachments of the sternomandibularis in the goat
zygomatic arch and lateral surface of the masseter muscle
33
what is the function of the sternomandibularis
flexes the head and neck
34
what is the function of the sternomastoideus in the sheep
fix and draw the head and neck ventrally
35
what are the attachments of the omohyoideus m in the horse
subscapular fascia near the shoulder joint and inserts on the lingual process of the basihyoid bone
36
what are the attachments of the omohyoideus in ruminants
deep cervical fascia near 3rd or 4th cervical vertebra and basihyoid bone
37
what is the function of the omohyoideus
draws the hyoid apparatus caudally
38
what is the attachment of the sternohyoideus
basihyoid bone
39
what is the attachment of the sternothyroideus
thyroid cartilage of the larynx
40
what are the functions of the sternothyrohyoideus
draw the hyoid apparatus caudally
41
what is the function of the cervical part of the trapezius
draws the scapula craniodorsally and elevates the scapula
42
what are the attachments of the thoracic part of the trapezius
from supraspinous ligament in the thoracic region and inserts on the tuber spine of the scapula in the horse and the spine of the scapula in ruminants
43
what is the function of the thoracic part of the trapezius
draws the scapula caudodorsally and elevates the scapula
44
what is the course of the dorsal branch of the accessory nerve
caudally over splenius and serratus ventralis
45
what does the dorsal branch of the accessory nerve innervate
brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, and trapezius
46
what does the ventral branch of the accessory nerve innervate
the sternocephalicus
47
what are the attachments of the serratus ventralis cervicis
transverse processes of the last 4-5 cervical vertebrae and inserts on the serrated face of the scapula
48
what are the attachments of the serratus ventralis thoracic
lateral surface of the first 8-9 ribs and serrated face of scapula
49
what is the main muscle that supports the turnk
the serratus ventralis thoracis
50
what is the function of the cervical part of the serratus ventralis
draws the dorsal scapular cartilage cranially and rotates the ventral angle of the scapula caudally. Thus, moving the limb in a caudal direction.
51
what is the function of the thoracic part of the serratus ventralis
draws the dorsal scapular cartilage caudally and rotates the ventral angle cranially. Thus, moving limb cranially
52
what are the attachments of the rhomboideus cervicis
funicular part of the nuchal ligament from C2 to T2 vertebrae and inserts on craniomedial surface of the scapular cartilage
53
what are the attachments of the rhomboideus thoracis
spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae via the dorsoscapular ligament and inserts on the caudomedial surface of the scapular cartilage
54
what is the primary action of the rhomboideus
draw the scapula dorsally and cranially
55
where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located in the horse?
deep to brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius; cranial to subclavius muscle
56
where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located in the ruminant?
deep to brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius and cranial to supraspinatus
57
what are the attachments of the splenius in the horse
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T3-T5; mastoid process and nuchal crest (capitis part)
58
what are the attachments of the splenius in the ruminant
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T3; mastoid process and dorsolateral region of the occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2 and C3 (cervicis, ox); wing of atlas and transverse processes of C2-C5 (cervicis SR)
59
acting together, right and left splenius function to
elevate the head and neck
60
acting singly, the splenius acts to
bend the head and neck laterally
61
what are the attachments of the semispinalis capitis in the horse
articular processes of the cervical vertebrae, spinous processes of T3-T5 and transverse processes of T1-T7, occipital bone ventral to nuchal crest
62
what are the attachmets of the semispinalis capitis in the ruminant
transverse processes of T1-T10, articular processes of C3-C7, and nuchal ligament; occipital bone
63
what is the function of semispinalis capitis when they function together
the main extensor of the head and neck;
64
what is the function of semispinalis capitis when its acting singly
bends the head to the side
65
the nuchal ligament large animals is composed of what parts
funicular and laminar parts
66
in horses, the funicular part of the nuchal ligament courses
between the external occipital protuberance of the skull and T3, T4, or T5 vertebra.
67
in horses, the laminar part courses from
C2-C7 vertebrae to the funicular part
68
in ruminants the funicular part of the nuchal ligament courses between
external occipital protuberance of the skull and the first few thoracic vertebrae
69
in ruminants, the laminar part of the nuchal ligament courses between
C2-C7 and the funicular part
70
longissimus capitis attachments in the horse
from transverse processes of T1 and T2 vertebrae and mastoid process of the skull
71
longissimus capitis attachments in the ruminant
from C5 to T7 and mastoid process
72
what is teh function of the longissimus capitis and atlantis
extend the head and neck and bend the head and neck to the side
73
what are the attachments of the longus atlantis in the ruminant
transverse processes of C2-C6 vertebrae and inserts on the wing of the atlas
74
______ may exit thorugh the belly of longus atlantis in ruminants, causing the muscle to appear divided into 2 muscles
ventral branches of several cervical spinal nerves
75
attachments of longus capitis in the horse
transverse processes of C3-C5 vertebrae and inserts on the muscular tubercle on the base of the skull
76
attachments of the longus capitis in the ruminant
transverse processes of C2-C6 vertbebrae and inserts on the muscular tubercle on the base of the skll
77
longus capitis muscle function
flexes the head and neck and bends the head and neck laterally
78
the cervical portion of the longus colli attachments
transverse processes of C3-C7 vertebrae and inserts on the bodies of the cervical vertebrae and ventral tubercle of the atlas
79
the most supeficial structure in the carotid sheath of the ox is the ______
internal jugular vein
80
what is viborgs trianlge
dorsal boundary: tendon of insertion of sternomandibularis
cranial border: ramus of mandible
ventral border: linguofacial vein
81
what is viborgs triangle used for
may be used to surgically drain the guttural pouch
82
what can the atlanto-occipital space be used for
CSF collection and injection of radiopaque contrast media into vertebral canal to assess cervical vertebral stenosis (wobblers)
83
what does wobblers result from
malformation of the articular processes of primarily vertbrae C3-C4 in horses; due to malformatio the spinal cord is compressed
84
stallions accumulate fat where
in the crest of the neck
85
where should IM injection sbe given in the horse
in the middle of the neck where muscles are thickest
86
ventral branch of accessory nerve can be biopsied to diagnose
equine motor neuron disease
87
what is cribbing
grasps an object with its upper incisors and pulld the head back arching neck muscles; horses draw air into the esophagus
88
lacerations and penetrating injuries in the cranial shoulder region may cause injury to the
cephalic vein
89
where do you perform a tracheotomy (temporary)
between 4th and 5th or 5th and 6h tracheal rings
90
where do you perform a tracheostomy (permanent)
at the level of tracheal rings 4 through 6
91
what is choke
impaction of hard or firm food in the esophagus that stays in one place and produces pressure necrosis of adjacent structures
92
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve results in
pralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle causing laryngeal hemiplegia or "roaring" (primarily left side involved)
93
what are also found in the same region as the thyroid gland
cranial deep cervical lymph nodes
94
clinical signs for ____ are similar to rabies
choke
95
what are the 3 common places choke can occur in ox
1. at the level of the larynx
2. the thoracic inlet due to the narrow passage between the first pair of ribs
2. thoracic cavity
96
in ox, are lymph nodes palpable?
no
97
what lymph nodes are palpable in the horse?
mandibular lymph nodes
