Unit 1 Flashcards
(93 cards)
0
Q
PR interval duration
A
0.12-0.20
1
Q
P wave duration
A
0.06-0.10
2
Q
QRS interval
A
0.06-0.11
3
Q
What is the J point
A
Where QRS complex meets ST segment
4
Q
QT interval
A
0.36-0.44
5
Q
What does QT interval measure?
A
Time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization
6
Q
What is the standard signal amplitude?
A
1.0 mV or 10 small vertical square
7
Q
View of aVR
A
Atria and great vessels
8
Q
View of aVL
A
Lateral wall of LV
9
Q
View of aVF
A
Inferior wall of left ventricle
10
Q
Anterior leads
A
V1-4
11
Q
Lateral leads
A
I, aVL, V5-6
12
Q
Inferior leads
A
II, III, aVF
13
Q
A normal rate that suddenly accelerates to as rapid rate producing irregularity in the rhythm
A
Paroxysmal tachycardia
14
Q
Patterned irregularities
A
Repeats itself in a cyclic fashion
-sinus dysrhythmia, second degree av block type 2
15
Q
Totally irregular
-irregularly irregular
A
A fib
16
Q
P wave amplitude
A
0.5-2.5mm
17
Q
P wave amp >2.5
A
RAE
18
Q
P pulmonale
A
RAE
19
Q
P wave width >0.10s
A
LAE
20
Q
P mitrale
A
LAE
21
Q
Saw tooth pattern
A
Flutter waves; atrial flutter
22
Q
Inverted P wave originates from?
A
Lower RA near the AV node, in the LA or the AV junction
23
Q
Causes of tall QRS complexes
A
Ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal pacemaker, aberrantly conduct beat
24
Low voltage QRS
Obese patients, hypothyroid, pericardial effusion
25
PR interval denotes depolarization of
Heart from the SA node through the atria, AV node, and his-purkinje system
26
Shorter p waves occur when
The impulse originates in the atria close to the AV junction or in the AV junction
- through abnormal accessory pathways
- preexcitation
27
Delta wave
WPW
28
Longer PR interval
Usually AV block
29
Varying PR intervals
Wandering atrial pacemaker
30
Normal axis
0 and 90 degrees
31
LAD degrees
0 to -90
32
RAD degrees
90-180
33
Extreme axis deviation degrees
180 to -90
34
Causes of LAD
LVH, chronic CAD, hyperkalemia, WPW
35
Causes of RAD
Normal in children and tall thin adults, RVH, pulmonary embolus
36
Who is likely to have a vertical heart?
Tall thin individuals
37
Who's likely to have a horizontal heart?
Obese and pregnant people
38
Leads diagnostic for RAE
II and V1
39
Clinical conditions with RAE
Pulmonic stenosis, mitral stenosis/regurgitation
40
P wave in V1 for LAE
Negative
| One small block
41
RVH criteria
```
RAD
R wave(7mm tall usu)>s wave V1
```
42
Causes of RVH
Pulm stenosis or pull HTN
43
Causes of LVH
HTN and valvular heart disease
44
LVH criteria
Sum of deepest S in V1 or V2 + the tallest R in V5 or V6 is >35mm
- R in aVL >11mm
- R in lead I plus S in lead III >25mm
45
Sinus bradycardia
<60
46
Pts are less tolerant of rates <
45
47
Sinus tachycardia
>100
48
Patterned irregularity slowing, speeding up, then slowing
Sinus dysrhythmia
49
Heart rate _____ during inspiration and ______ during expiration
Increases; decreases
50
What can cause sinus dysrhythmia?
Inferior wall MI, digitalis, morphine, increased intracranial pressure
51
Sinus pause
1-2 beats dropped
52
Sinus arrest
3+ beats dropped
53
Sinus node dysfunction
Periods of bradycardia, tachycardia, prolonged pauses or alternating brady and tachy
54
3 mechanisms that cause atrial dysrhythmias
Automaticity, triggered activity, reentry
55
Atrial dysrhythmias can lead to
Decreased CO and decreased tissue perfusion
56
Key characteristic of atrial dysrhythmias
P waves looks different in appearance
57
Drug toxicity hat causes wandering atrial pacemaker
Digitalis
58
PACs have a ______ pause
Non compensatory
59
Types of PACs
Bigeminal, trigeminal, quadrigeminal
60
PAC with wide QRS complex
PAC with aberrant ventricular conduction
| -check to see if noncompensatory to distinguish between PVC
61
Atrial tachycardia
Rate 150-250
| -short PR and P waves may be different
62
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia(PAT)
Short bursts of atrial tach
63
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Irregular rhythm with HR 120-150
| - p waves look different from beat to beat
64
SVT
The P waves cannot be seen sufficiently
| -can include PAT, nonPAT and multi focal atrial tachy
65
Saw tooth
Atrial flutter
66
Atrial flutter
Atrial rate of 250-350 with saw tooth appearance
| -common 3:1 conduction ratio
67
Irregularly irregular
Atrial fibrillation
68
A fib causes ________ of atrial kick
Loss
69
P wave characteristic in junctional dysrhythmias
Inverted p wave
70
PJC
Inverted P with early QRS complex
| -noncompensatory pause
71
Junctional escape rhythm
AV junction rate of 40-60bpm
72
Accelerated junctional rhythm
60-100bpm
73
Junctional tachycardia
100-180bpm
74
Features of ventricular dysrhythmia
Wide bizarre QRS
- absent P waves
- T waves in opposite direction of the R wave
75
PVC
Wide, bizarre QRS
- compensatory pause
- can be unifocal or multifocal
- bigeminal, trigeminal, quadrigeminal
76
2 PVCs in a row are called
A couplet
77
PVCs that fall between 2 regular complexes and do not interrupt the normal cardiac cycle are called
Interpolated PVCs
78
PVCs occurring on or near the previous T wave is called
R on T PVCs
79
R on T PVCs may precipitate what?
V tach or v fib
80
Idioventricular rhythm
20-40bpm
- no p wave
- wide QRS
81
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
40-100bpm
No p wave
Wide QRS
82
V tach
100-250 bpm
No p wave
Wide QRS
83
3+ PVCs in a row
V tach
84
Sustained VT
6-10 complexes
85
Tx of torsades without cardiac arrest
Magnesium sulfate
86
Tx of torsades with cardiac arrest
Defibrillation
87
V fib
300-500bpm, chaotic
88
Most common cause of prehospital cardiac arrest in adults?
V fib
89
1st degree av block
PR Interval longer than 0.20
90
2nd degree av block type I
Wenckebach
| PR interval progressively increases until a QRS complex is dropped
91
2nd degree AV block type II
Prolonged and constant PR interval
| Intermittent P wave with no QRS complex
92
3rd degree AV block
No correlation between p wave and QRS
