Unit 1 Flashcards
Define mass
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object
How are mass and weight different?
Mass is unaffected by the force of gravity but weight is
Describe the proton (atomic mass, electric charge, location in atom)
1 u, positive, in nucleus
Describe neutron (atomic mass, charge, location in atom)
1 u, neutral, nucleus
Describe electron (atomic mass, charge, location in atom)
O u, negative, circles the nucleus
What are the electrons in the outer most layer called?
Valence electrons
What are elements?
A substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Define isotope. List the most common isotopes of carbon and hydrogen
An atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but different number of neutrons. Hydrogen: protium, deuterium, and tritium. Carbon: carbon 12, carbon 13, carbon 14
What is an ion? List two ions that are important in living things
An ion is an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge. Hydrogen and sodium
How do ionic compounds and molecular compounds (molecules) differ?
Ionic compounds lose electrons and molecular compound gain electrons
Name two ionic compounds
NaCl and H2O
Name two molecular compounds
NO (nitrogen monoxide), SF6 ( sulfur hexafluoride)
What is a catalyst and how does a catalyst work?
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly. They work by red icing the amount of energy.
Define and give an example of an exergonic reaction
A reaction that released free energy. Example is a spontaneous change
What is an endergonic reaction and give an example
An endergonic reaction is a reaction requiring free energy. Example: heat from an outside source to begin a reaction
