Unit 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Conditional Probability
P(B|A) = “the probability of B, given A”
Expected Value
(amount 1)(prob 1)+(amount 2)(prob 2)+etc..
Multiplication Rule
The probability that 2 events will occur in sequence is
- P(A)•P(B|A)
For independent events it is
- P(A)•P(B)
Observational Study
Gather data by watching or looking at records of what’s already happened. No influence or manipulation.
Sample Survey
Used to take information from a small group and meant to represent the entire population. Can bias easily.
Finding Probability
P(E)=
number of outcomes in event E \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
number of outcomes in sample space
Complementary Events
Outcomes that are not included in Event E
E’
Range of Probabilities Rule
0
Experiment
To change a variable within a controlled environment and measure the changes.
Permutations
nPr
Census
Measurements are taken from the entire population. Least popular. Key words: whole, everyone, entire.
Mutually Exclusive
P(A or B)= P(A)+P(B)
Outcome
The result of a single trial in a probability experiment.
Event
Consists of one or more outcomes and is a subset of the sample space.
Sample Space
The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.
Non-Mutually Exclusive
P(A or B)= P(A)+P(B)–P(A and B)
Combinations
nCr
Randomization
Something is random if there is a equal chance of being chosen, and people are chosen without regard to characteristics. If not, results are biased.
Data Collection
To make general conclusions about a populations based on a sample.
Probability Distributions
0
Probability Experiment
An action, or trial, through which specific results are obtained.
