Unit 1

Question 1

What can high blood pressure cause?

Answer 1

Blood vessels to burst leading to a stroke

Question 2

What does low blood pressure cause?

Answer 2

Dizziness and fainting

Question 3

Define fitness and health

Answer 3

Fitness-ability to do physical exercise

Health-free from disease

Question 4

What are the 4 (S) of fitness

Answer 4

Speed
Suppleness
Strength
Stamina

Question 5

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

Answer 5

CO(carbon monoxide) cause blood to carry less O2 as it combines with haemoglobin

Nicotine directly increases it

Question 6

How is heart disease caused?

Answer 6

Restricted blood flow to the heart muscles as the narrowing of arteries caused by plague block the coronary arteries.

Question 7

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Simple sugars such as glucose

Question 8

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 8

Amino acids

Question 9

What are fats made up of?

Answer 9

Glycerol

Question 10

Whats a first class protein?

Answer 10

They contain all the essential amino acids that cannot be made in the human body

Question 11

Whats a second class protein?

Answer 11

They don’t contain all the essential amino acids

Question 12

What does a lack of protein cause?

Answer 12

Kwashiokor

Question 13

What causes malaria?

Answer 13

A protozoan which feeds on humans red blood cells

Question 14

What are vectors?

Answer 14

Things that carry the disease but are not affected

Question 15

What is a parasite?

Answer 15

An organisum that feeds on another

Question 16

How can you reduce the risk of cancer?

Answer 16

Changes in diet
Not smoking
Using uv sun protection

Question 17

What is a pathogen?

Answer 17

A disease causing organism that produce toxins that damage body cells

Question 18

What do antibodies do?

Answer 18

(Lock and key)

Lock onto antigens to kill the pathogen

Question 19

What is active immunity?

Answer 19

White blood cells producing antibodies

Question 20

Placebo definition

Answer 20

Harmless pill used to help find the effect of new drugs

Question 21

What part of the eye refracts light?

Answer 21

Cornea and lens

Question 22

What does the retina contain?

Answer 22

Light receptors

Question 23

What is binocular vision

Answer 23

Judges distance

Question 24

What does the pupil do?

Answer 24

Allows light rays to enter the eye

Question 25

What happens to the eye in short sighted vision?

Answer 25

Eye is too long and too round

Question 26

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 26

Neurones

Question 27

Where do nerve impulses pass along?

Answer 27

The axon

Question 28

What is the order of a reflex action?

Answer 28

Stimulus----receptor----sensory neurone----central nervous system----motor neurone----effector----response

Question 29

Whats the gap between a neurone called?

Answer 29

Synapse, where impulses diffuse between

Question 30

What are the 5 types of drugs?

Answer 30

``` Depressants Pain killers Stimulants Performance enhancers Hallucinogens ```

Question 31

What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 31

The chemicals stop the cilia moving | Resulting in a 'smokers cough' to removed the trapped dust/particles stuck in the cilia

Question 32

What is homeostasis?

Answer 32

Keeping a constant internal environment | Whilst balancing bodily inputs and outputs

Question 33

What does homeostasis control?

Answer 33

Temperature Carbon dioxide Water

Question 34

Whats the bodies optimum temp?

Answer 34

37'c linked to the optimum temp of enzymes

Question 35

What can high temp cause?

Answer 35

Heat stroke | Dehydration

Question 36

What can very low temp cause?

Answer 36

Hypothermia

Question 37

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 37

The narrowing of blood vessels to warm up the body as it reduces heat loss

Question 38

What is vasodilation?

Answer 38

The widening of blood vessels to cool down the body

Question 39

What controls blood sugar levels?

Answer 39

A hormone called insulin

Question 40

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 40

Pancreas not producing any insulin

Question 41

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 41

Body producing too little insulin or not reacting to it.

Question 42

What does insulin do?

Answer 42

Converts excess glucose into glycogen stored in the liver

Question 43

What is phototropism?

Answer 43

Growth towards light

Question 44

What is geotropism?

Answer 44

Growth towards gravity

Question 45

Whats the plant hormone called? And whats it needed for?

Answer 45

Auxin, needed for plant growth

Question 46

Where do you find auxin in a plant?

Answer 46

The tip

Question 47

Whats an allele?

Answer 47

A different version of the same gene

Question 48

What can an allele have?

Answer 48

A dominant and recessive characteristic

Question 49

How many chromosome pairs are they?

Answer 49

23 pairs (46 in total)

Question 50

What is XX? | What is XY?

Answer 50

XX is female | XY is male

Question 51

What causes genetic variation?

Answer 51

Mutations Rearrangements of genes during the formation of gametes Fertilisation resulting in a zygote of alleles from both parents

Question 52

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 52

One pair of chromosomes controlled by a single gene

Question 53

Whats a homozygous? Whats a heterozygous?

Answer 53

Identical alleles Different alleles

Question 54

Whats a genotype? Whats a phenotype?

Answer 54

Geno- genetic makeup Pheno- expressed alleles

Question 55

What is systolic//diastolic pressure?

Answer 55

Systolic-max pressure | Diastolic-pressure between heart beats