Unit 1 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define gross and fine skills
Gross: skills which contain large muscle groups
Fine: skills which contain small muscle groups
Define open and closed skills
Open: skills effected by the environment
Closed: skills not effected by the environment
Define discrete, serial and continuous skills
Discrete:skills with a defined beginning and end
Serial: skills made up of discrete skills joined together
Continuous: skills with no clear beginning or end
Define self paced and externally paced skills
Self paced: skills which the performer decides the timing of
Externally paced: skills which the timing of the skill is decided by external factors
Define simple and complex skills
Simple: skills which have a small number of subroutines
Complex: skills which have a a large number of sub routines
Define low and high organisation skills
Low: skills which are made up of subroutines which can be easily separated
High: skills which are made up of subroutines which can’t be easily separated
What is part, whole, part progressive and whole part whole practise?
Part: working on each subroutine in the skill in isolation (complex skills)
Whole: practising the skill as a whole(high organisational)
Progressive part: teaching subroutines in the order they will occur in the skill (serial)
Whole part whole: practising the skill as a whole then in subroutines then as a whole again
Describe massed practise
Practising a skill continuously with no rests or breaks
Simple, discrete
Describe distributed practise
Practise sessions which include rest intervals allowing mental and physical recovery
Describe fixed practise
Specific movement patterns practised repeatedly
Closed skills
Describe varied practise
Practising skills in different environments
describe positive transfer
Learning one task is enhanced by another
Describe negative transfer
Learning a new skill is negatively effected by a previously learnt skill that is similar
Define proactive transfer
Influence of a skill on a skill which is yet to be learnt
Define refractive transfer
Influence by a skill which has been previously learned
Define bilateral transfer
Transfer which occurs between limbs
Explain operant conditioning
-positive and negative reinforcement
Explain cognitive theory of learning
- practise the skill as a whole
- performer must know where when and why to perform the skill
Explain social/observations learning
Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation More likely to copy if it's a significant other
Explain what is meant by the title ‘cognitive phase of learning’?
Learning is beginning, have to think about the skill, rapid improvement, skill not fluent, high attention needed, success reinforced with positive feedback
Explain what is meant by ‘associative phase of learning’?
Improvements less rapid, use internal feedback, consistency and coordination improved
What is meant by the ‘autonomous phase’ of learning?
Skill is always automatic, very little feedback and thought, errors detected and corrected without help
Explain what visual guidance is
Demonstration
Explain what verbal guidance is
Guidance verbally
