Flashcards in Unit 1 Deck (47)
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Motivation
biological, emotional, cognitive (thinking), or social forces (people around you) that activate and direct behavior
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3 Characteristics Of Motivation
1. activation- initiation or production of behavior
2.intensity- seen in the greater vigor(effort) of responding that accompanies motivated behavior
3.persistence- continued efforts or determination to achieve a particular goal
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Instinct
a complex, unlearned, fixed-pattern of behavior common to all members of a species
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Drive
helps motivate an organism to satisfy a need
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Incentive
inducement or reward that serves as a motivational device for a desire action or behavior
-expectation that a particular behavior will lead to a goal
-behavior s motivated by a "pull" of external goals, such as rewards, money, taste of food, or recognition
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Set Point
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
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Homeostasis
the body monitors and maintains relatively constant levels of internal state, such as body temp., fluid level, and energy level
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Positive Incentive Value
anticipated pleasure involved in the performance of a particular behavior
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Interpersonal Engagement
emotion dimension reflecting the degree to which emotions involve other people
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Instinct Theory
Inborn behavior as motivator
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Drive-Reduction Theory
behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs
ex: food (need)-- Hunger (drive)-- eating (drive-reducing behaviors)
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Arousal Theory/ Optimum Arousal
different individuals perform better at different levels of arousal and that every individual seeks to find its optimum level
-optimal stimulation as motivator; people experience both very high levels and very low levels of arousal as being quite unpleasant
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Achievement Motivation
desire to direct your behavior toward excelling, acceding or out performing others
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Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs
1.Self-actualization- living to your highest potential
2.Esteem- you've acquired the skills to lead to honor and recognition; accomplishment
3. Love + Belonging- deeper more meaningful relationships
4. Safety- home sweet home, financial stability, security
5. Physiological Needs- food, water, sleep
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Self-Determination Theory
people are driven by need to gain fulfillment and grow
3 needs:
-autonomy
-competence
-relatedness
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Self-Determination Theory 3 Needs: Autonomy
need to determine, control, and organize one's own behavior and goals so that they are in harmony with ones own interest and values
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Self-Determination Theory 3 Needs: Competence
the need to learn and master appropriately challenging tasks
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Self-Determination Theory 3 Needs: Relatedness
need to feel attached to others and experience a sense of belongingness, security, and intimacy
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Hunger: Hypothalamus
brains control center for hunger located in the hypothalamus
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Satiation
the feeling of fullness and diminished desire to eat that accompanies eating a meal
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Insulin
hormone produced by pancreas that regulates glucose levels
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CCK
hormone secreted by small intestines and enters bloodstream (hormone that goes up when you're full)
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Leptin
hormone secreted by the body's adipose (body fat) tissue
-causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
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Ghrelin
hormone manufactured in the stomach lining
-stimulates appetite
-blood levels of ghrelin RISE sharply BEFORE and FALL abruptly AFTER a meal
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Classical Conditioning
process behind when a stimulus elicits a response. To teach a neutral item to elicit the same response as an unconditioned response
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Operant Conditioning
learned preference (positive incentive)
-process behind when a stimulus elicits a response. To teach a neutral item to elicit the same response as an unconditioned response
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Emotion
experience of feelings that underlies behavior; activates and effects behaviors but difficult to predict behavior; ex. Fear, joy, surprise
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3 Distinct Components Of Emotion
1.Subjective experience
2.Physiological arousal
3.Behavioral/ Expressive Behavior
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Two-Factor Theory
emotion is the interaction of physiological arousal and the COGNITIVE LABEL that we apply to explain the arousal
ex: stimulus(bear)-- arousal(heart pounding)-- cognitive label("that is one scary bear! I'm afraid of it!") ---emotion(fear)
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