Unit 1

Question 1

General formula of alkanes?

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

What are alkanes?

Answer 2

Saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds

Question 3

General formula of alkenes?

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

What is an alkene?

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon with a c to c double bond. It’s unsaturated so fairly reactive

Question 5

General formula of cycloalkanes?

Answer 5

CnH2n

Question 6

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 6

A ring of saturated carbons.

Question 7

General formula of halogenalkanes?

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

What is a halogenalkane?

Answer 8

The same as an alkane but at least one hydrogen replaced with a halogen

Question 9

General formula of alcohols?

Answer 9

CnH2n+1 OH

Question 10

What is an alcohol?

Answer 10

Organic molecules that contain a hydroxyl group, OH. Have the suffix ol.

Question 11

General formula of aldehydes?

Answer 11

R-CHO

Question 12

What’s an aldehyde?

Answer 12

One of the end carbons has a double bond to oxygen.

Question 13

General formula of ketones?

Answer 13

R-CO-R

Question 14

What is a ketone?

Answer 14

Organic molecule with the c to o double bond on a carbon that isn’t at the end

Question 15

General formula of carboxylic acids?

Answer 15

R-COOH

Question 16

What is a carboxylic acid?

Answer 16

Organic molecules which contains the carboxyl group. This is a double bond to oxygen and an OH

Question 17

Prefix numbers to 10

Answer 17

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 18

How to name an alkane?

Answer 18

Count the longest carbon chain =prefix
add suffix = ane
Then name the substituents they’re named according to how many carbons they contain and which carbon they are attached to. If there’s more than one put them in alphabetical order

Question 19

How to name cycloalkanes?

Answer 19

The same as alkanes you use ‘cyclo PREFIXane’ if there are substituents you out the one that comes first alphabetically as the number 1 carbon. Then go round whichever way makes the next the lowest number

Question 20

How do you name organic molecules with multiple functional groups?

Answer 20

You have to rank the functional groups priority and then make highest priority have lowest numbers.
Stem is the longest c chain containing the functional group

Question 21

Priority ranking of functional groups?

Answer 21

Halogens, alkyl groups, alkenes , other functional groups

Question 22

What is a catenate?

Answer 22

Long chain

Question 23

What bonds typically hold organic molecules together?

Answer 23

Covalent (sigma)

Question 24

Because organic compounds are covalent (sigma) they typically have…

Answer 24

High melting/ b points

Question 25

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 25

One with a double bond

Question 26

Will molecules with the same functional groups have similar physical or chemical properties or both?

Answer 26

similar chemical properties

Question 27

what are the orbitals in benzene

Answer 27

sp2 hybridised

Question 28

Why is benzene stable?

Answer 28

The conjugated bonds cause electron delocalisation

Question 29

What is angle strain?

Answer 29

The deviation of bond angle from 109.5. Greater deviation means greater angle strain and weaker bond

Question 30

If an alkene is reacted with hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst what functionality will be generated?

Answer 30

An alkane

Question 31

If an alkene is reacted with an alkaline solution of potassium manganate what functionality will be generated

Answer 31

A diol

Question 32

If an alkene in solution is reacted with ozone what functionality ill be generated?

Answer 32

Two carbonyl derivatives. as it will break the double bond

Question 33

If an alkene is reacted with a solution of sulfuric acid what functionality will be generated?

Answer 33

An Alcohol

Question 34

What are the two forms of cyclohexane and which is more stable, why

Answer 34

Chair confirmation and boat confirmation. Chair is the most stable as it has the least bond strain

Question 35

Suffix for an alkane? (R-C)

Answer 35

Ane

Question 36

Suffix for an alkene? (c=c)

Answer 36

Ene

Question 37

Suffix for an alcohol? (O-H)

Answer 37

Ol

Question 38

Suffix for an aldehyde? (h-c=o)

Answer 38

Al

Question 39

Suffix for a ketone? ( c=o)

Answer 39

one

Question 40

Suffix for carboxylic acid? (cooh)

Answer 40

oic acid

Question 41

How do you name an alkyl side chain? (substituent)

Answer 41

suffix- yl eg methyl = ch3 ethyl = c2h5

Question 42

Naming organic compounds?

Answer 42

1) longest carbon chain 2) identify substituents 3) Number all C's so that substits have lowest numbers 4) If same substituent occurs give locations and number of times (di, tri, tetra) 5) If more than 1 substituent in alphabetical order

Question 43

What is an isomer?

Answer 43

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but are arranged differently in space

Question 44

What is an optical isomer?

Answer 44

One which involves a chiral carbon (bonded to 4 different atoms) optical isomers are mirror images of each other. They can rotate the plane of polarised light

Question 45

What is an enantiomer?

Answer 45

A pair of optical isomers. They have the same physical properties

Question 46

What is a racemic mixture

Answer 46

50% and 50% mixture of enantiomers. It is optically inactive as their affects cancel each other out

Question 47

What are curly arrows used for?

Answer 47

to show movement of pairs of electrons from nucleophile to electrophile. (rich to poor). it shows bonds being broken and formed

Question 48

What does hydrogenation of alkenes need?

Answer 48

a metal catalyst such as nickel

Question 49

What is a cis addition

Answer 49

When two hydrogens are added on the same side of the double bond

Question 50

What is a trans addition?

Answer 50

When two hydrogens are added either side of the bond