a member of a group that has no permanent home. wandering from place to place in search of food and water
nomad
a period in human history, beginning around 3000 b.c. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons
bronze age
the development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping
specialization
a pre-historic period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 B.C., during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons- also called the old stone age
Paleolithic age
a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money
barter
one of the professional record keepers in early civilizations
scribe
a skilled worker, such as a weaver or potter, who makes goods by hand
artisan
a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting trees and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil
slash and burn method
A member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk upright.
hominid
A form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.
civilization
A human-made object, such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry.
artifact
A prehistoric period that began about 8000 B.C. and in some areas ended as early as 3000 B.C., during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals - also called the New Stone Age
neolithic age
The way in which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs.
Technology
The biological species to which modern human beings belong.
Homo Sapiens
A long-lasting pattern of organization in a community.
Institution
One of the professional record keepers in early civilizations
Scribe
A tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple.
Ziggurat
A people’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas.
culture
A member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant food
Hunter-Gatherer
The taming of animals for human use.
Domestication
A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians.
Cuneiform
first civilization?
Ur
a crescent shaped, very fertile land due to flooding creating silt
fertile crescent
a piece of land between the Tigris and Euphrates river
Mesopotamia
functions like an independent country, but is a city
city-state
a series of rulers from a single family
dynasty
when an idea or product spreads from one culture to another
cultural diffusion
the belief in more than one god
polytheism
brings together many nations, people, and city-states
empire
the Babylonian empires most famous ruler (made a whole bunch of laws)
Hammurabi
when the government is ruled by religious belief
theocracy
- ancient writing system in Mesopotamia with wedge shaped characters
- written in clay tablets
- used by Sumerians for trade purpose
cuneiform
ancient writing system in Egypt
hieroglyphics
plant grown on the banks of the Nile that was made into paper in ancient Egypt
papyrus
- the division of Hindus into four main categories
- people were divided by race
- created by the Aryans
caste system
