Unit 1 Flashcards
(255 cards)
1
Q
2 muscles that do pronation of forearm
A
- ) pronator teres
2. ) pronator quadratus
2
Q
3 muscles that flex the forearm
A
- ) flexor carpi ulnaris
- ) flexor carpi radialis
- ) palmaris longus
3
Q
3 muscles that flex the digits
A
- ) flexor digitorum superficialis
- ) flexor digitorum profundus
- ) flexor pollicis longus
4
Q
All the SUPERFICAL flexor muscles are innervate by _______ expect for _______________ which is innervated by _________nerve
A
median nerve, flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar nerve
5
Q
All the DEEP flexor muscles are innervated by the _____________ except for ___________________ which is innervated by which two nerves
A
anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, flexor digitorum profundus
- ) Anterior interosseous branch of median neve (lateral)
- ) Ulnar nerve (medial)
6
Q
Name the three DEEP flexor muscles of the forearm
A
- ) flexor digitorum profundus
- ) pronator quadratus
- ) flexor pollicis longus
7
Q
which forearm flexor has a radial attatchment?
A
flexor digitorum superficialis
8
Q
2 muscles that do supinator
A
- ) supinator
2. ) brachioradialis
9
Q
what are the 2 functions of the brachioradialis
A
- ) elbow flexion
2. ) supination
10
Q
where does the brachioradialis come from
A
the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
11
Q
3 muscles that extend the wrist
A
- ) extensor carpi radialis longus
- ) extensor carpi radialis brevis
- ) extensor carpi ulnaris
12
Q
3 muscles that extend the digits
A
- ) extensor digitorum
- ) extensor digiti minimi
- ) extensor indicis
13
Q
3 muscles that extend the thumb
A
- ) abductor pollicis longus
- ) extensor pollicis brevis
- ) extensor pollcis longus
14
Q
5 deep extensor muscles of the forearm
A
- ) supinator
- ) extensor pollcis longus
- ) extensor pollicis brevis
- ) abductor pollicis longus
- ) extensor indicis
15
Q
2 muscles that originate of the lateral supracondylar ridge
A
- ) brachioradialis
2. ) extensor carpi radialis longus
16
Q
what nerve innervates the supinator
A
deep radial nerve
17
Q
what nerve innervates the brachioradialis
A
radial
18
Q
what nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis
A
radial
19
Q
what are MOST of the EXTENSOR muscles of the forearm innervated by
A
the posterior interossesous nerve
20
Q
the deep radial nerve becomes________ when in passes thru _____________
A
posterior interosseous nerve, canal of frohse (aka supinator canal)
21
Q
what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
A
rhomboids, middle scalene, and levator scapulae
22
Q
what does suprascapular nerve innervate
A
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
23
Q
what does lateral pectoral nerve innervate
A
pec major
24
Q
what does musculocutaneous nerve innervate
A
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
25
what does long thoracic nerve innervate
serratus anterior
26
what does upper subscapular nerve innervate
subscapularis
27
what does thoracodorsal nerve innervate
latissimus dorsi
28
what does lower subscapular nerve innervate
teres major and subscapularis
29
what does axillary nerve innervate
deltoid and teres minor
30
where does intercostobrachial nerve come from
T2
31
what does medial pectoral nerve innervate
pec major and minor
32
what on vertebrae allow for movement
facets
33
in between the sup and inf articular processes
pars interarticularis
34
where do the spinal nerves come out in vertebrae
the intervertebral foramen
35
what creates the intervertebral foramen
the superior and inferior articular notches
36
bifid spinous processes
cervical
37
facets facing toward 60 degrees
thoracic
38
uncinate processes
cervical
39
facets lie at 45 degrees
cervical
40
inferior pointing spinous processes
throacic
41
foramen transversarium
cervcial
42
facets facing forward
lumbar
43
where are the accessory processes on lumbar vertebrae
near the transverse process
44
where are the mamillary processes on lumbar vertebrae
posterior to the superior articular processes
45
atlanto-axial joint is a _________joint and allows for what type of motion
pivot, left/right motion
46
the atlanto-occipital joint is ______joint and allows for what type of movement
condyloid, flexion and extension
47
ligament supporting the atlanto-axial joint that becomes continuous with the PLL
tectoral membrane
48
3 divisions of the iliocostalis
1. ) cervicis
2. ) thoracic
3. ) lumborum
49
3 divisions of spinalis
1. ) capitis
2. ) cervicis
3. ) thoracics
50
3 divisions of longissimus
1. ) capitis
2. ) cervicis
3. ) thoracis
51
3 groups of transversospinalis (name from superficial to deep). also name how many segments they cross
1. ) semispinalis (4-6 segments)-->
2. ) multifidus (2-4 segments)--> mostly in lumborum
3. ) rotatores (1-2 segments)--> mostly in thoracis
52
the intertransversarii and the interspinales are mostly found in ____________region
cervical
53
dorsal roots convey what type of info
sensory
54
ventral roots convey what type of info
motor
55
where does the spinal cord end
conus medullaris
56
what does the filum terminale do
anchors the spinal cord
57
what do denticulate ligaments do
modifications of pia mater that hold the dura mater to the spinal cord
58
do the anterior or posterior venous plexus draining the vertebral bodies have more veins
anterior
59
what does the basivertebral vein do
drains the anterior venous plexus
60
dorsal gray column does what
sensory
61
lateral gray column does what
motor
62
name the path that blood takes to get to spinal cord on the dorsal side
subclavian--> vertebral arteries (2 of them)--> dorsal spinal arteries (2 of them)--> cauda equina arteries--> lateral sacral arteries
63
name the path blood takes to get to spinal cord on the ventral side
subclavian--> 2 vertebral arteries--> 1 ventral spinal artery--> cauda equina arteries--> lateral sacral arteries
64
what is the significance of the artery of adamkiewcz
a feeder artery that if damaged can cause the person to be paraplegic (comes from T8 and L1).
65
does the ventral or dorsal spinal artery supply most of the spinal cord?
ventral
66
what is a source for feeder arteries?
posterior intercostal artery (then splits into ventral and dorsal radicular arteries)
67
describe the feeder artery source sequence
posterior intercostal artery--> segmental artery--> dorsal/ventral radicular artery--> dorsal/ventral spinal arteries
68
C2 dermatome
back of the head
69
dermatome for the thumb
C6
70
dermatome for pinky
C8
71
dermatome for nipple
T4
72
dermatome for xiphoid process
T6
73
dermatome for belly button
T10
74
dermatome for ASIS to groin
L1
75
dermatome for across the knee cap
L4
76
what does the costoclavicular ligament do
gives stability
77
what is the coracoclavicular ligament made of
conoid and trapezioid
78
is the conoid or trapezoid medial
conoid
79
where would the epiphyseal line be on the humerus
at the anatomical neck of the humerus
80
where on the humerus is most prone to fracture
surgical neck
81
what is the glenoid labrum made of
fibrous cartilage
82
what are the 2 openings in the articular capsule of the GH joint for
biceps and subscapularis recess
83
what ligament is on the top of the articular capsule of the GH joint
the coracohumeral ligament
84
what does the SGHL do
protects against inferior dislocation
85
what does the MGHL do
protects against anterior dislocation of the humerus when arm is abducted to 45-60 degrees
86
what does the IGHL do
most important for both anterior and posterior dislocations
87
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular
saddle or synovial
88
the AC joint is what type of joint
plane/gliding
89
the coracoaromial ligament makes a tunnel for what to pass thru
Supraspinatus
90
what is scapulothoracic rhythm
- first 30 degrees of abduction involves only the humerus
| - the rest is a 2:1 ratio of humerus movement to scapular movement
91
what is found in the clavipectoral fascia
cephalic vein
thoracoacromial vessels
lateral pectoral nerve
92
invests the nerves of the axilla (brachial plexus and axillary artery)
axillary sheath
93
the coracoacromial arch protects against ______________
superior displacement
94
true or false: the axillary vein is in the axillary sheath
false
95
medial brachial cutaneous nerve comes off ___________
medial cord of the brachial plexus
96
lower lateral brachial cutaneous nerve comes off___________
radial nerve
97
superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve comes off____________
axillary nerve
98
posterior brachial cutaneous nerve comes off______________-
radial nerve
99
the brachial artery runs with what nerve
median nerve
100
the radial nerve runs with what artery
profundal brachii artery
101
what is the actual articulation of the elbow
humeroulnar joint
102
what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint
pivot
103
where do both heads of the biceps insert
on the radial tuberosity
104
where does brachialis insert
ulnar tuberosity
105
what is carrying angle
a normal 10-15 degrees of valgus
106
is the articular capsule in the elbow thicker in the front or back
thicker in the front
107
joint that involvesthe radial head in the radial notch of ulna
proximal radioulnar joint
108
joint that involves the ulnar head in the ulnar notch on the radius
distal radioulnar joint
109
purpose of the triangular fibrocartilage on the distal radioulnar joint
to absorb forces
110
is the radial or ulnar artery more superficial
radial
111
what 3 things can be found in the snuffbox
radial artery
superficial radial nerve
cephalic vein
112
what is involved in the radiocarpal joint
the radius and the scaphoid and lunate
113
what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint
condyloid (has an articular capsule)
114
what does the midcarpal joint do
gives the wrist more flexibility
115
the fracture of what bone in the hand is most common
scaphoid
116
what type of joint is the first CMC joint
saddle
117
what type of joint is 2nd - 5th CMC joints
plane/gliding
118
what type of joint is the 1st MCP joint
hinge
119
what type of joint is 2nd-5th MCP joint
condyloid
120
what type of joints are the IP, DIP, and PIP joints
hinge
121
what runs in between the heads of the 2nd-5th metacarpals and prevents them from dislocating
deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
122
what cover the MCP joints on the volar side
palmar plates (made of fibrocartilage)
123
what are the only finger joints that have volar/dorsal ligaments
MCPs 2-5. these are condyloid joints
124
joins distal radius to distal ulna
palmar carpal ligament
125
what covers the carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum
126
what creates the superficial palmar arch
superficial branch of ulnar artery
| superficial palmar branch of radial artery
127
what forms the deep palmar arch
branch of deep ulnar artery
| radial artery
128
conveys blood vessels to tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
vinculae
129
describe the path blood takes in the hand
palmar arch (superficial or deep)--> common palmar digital arteries--> proper palmar digital arteries
130
what are the arteries that run on the sides of fingers
proper palmar digital arteries
131
what are the arteries that come off the superficial and deep palmar arches
common palmar digital arteries
132
what is the deltopectoral groove in between?
pec major and deltoid
133
what can be found in the deltopectoral groove
cephalic vein
134
what are the boundaries of the axilla
floor= skin and fascia
apex (axillary triangle)= 1st rib, clavicle, scapula
anterior wall= pecs and clavicle
posterior wall= scapula, subscapularis, teres major, and lat
medial wall= serratus anterior
lateral wall= intertubercular groove
135
what makes up the axillary triangle
1st rib, scapula, clavicle
136
what makes up the lumbar triangle
obliques, lat dorsi, iliac crest
137
what makes up the triangle of auscultation
traps
lat dorsi
medial border of scapula
138
guyon's canal is in between which two bones
hamate and the pisiform
139
what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa
floor= supinator
roof=skin/fascia
pronator teres, brachioradialis, and line between the two epicondyles
140
boundaries of the snuffbox
floor= scaphoid bone
1. ) abductor pollicis longus
2. ) extensor pollicis brevis
3. ) extensor pollicis longus
141
what can be found in the snuffbox (3 things)
radial artery
cephalic vein
superficial radial nerve
142
what are the boundaries of the triangular space
teres minor
teres major
long head of tricpes
143
what is found in the triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
144
what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space
teres minor
teres major
long head of triceps
lateral head of triceps/head of humerus
145
what can be found in the quandrangular space
posterior circumflex humeral artery
| axillary n
146
what muscles make up the brachial fascia
lat dorsi
pec major
deltoid
147
purpose of the brachial fascia
to hold muscles in place
148
medial elbow anastomosis
superior ulnar collateral a
inferior ulnar collateral a
posterior ulnar recurrent a
anterior ulnar recurrent a
149
lateral elbow anatomosis
radial recurrent a
| interosseous recurrent a
150
the profunda brachii artery anastomosis with which anastomosis
lateral elbow anastomosis
151
median nerve pierces what
pronator teres
152
radial nerve pierces what
supinator
153
musculocutaneous nerve pierces what
coracobrachialis
154
what makes up the medial intermuscular septum
```
brachial artery
median brachial vein
lateral brachial vein
basilic vein
median nerve
```
155
what is in the lateral intermuscular septum
profunda brachii a
| radial nerve
156
when S1 becomes L6
lumbarization
157
what is spondylolisthesis
pars interarticularis fracture
158
DDD is what
when the IVD dries out
159
what is scheurmann's dz
kyphosis and wedged vertebrae
160
Lesion common in overhead athletes
SLAP lesion
161
what o'clocks does a SLAP lesion occur
10-2
162
what o'clocks does a Bankhart lesion occur at
3-6
163
what is separated in a shoulder separation
AC joint
164
loss of carrying angle
gunstock deformity
165
posterior elbow dislocation to joint capsule
sideswipe injury
166
most common fracture of the wrist
colle's fracture
167
a colle's fracture involves what
the distal end of the radius
168
a boxer's fracture involves what
pinky
169
Bennett's fracture involves what
thumb
170
MCP flexor pull in an ulnar direction
ulnar drift deformity
171
hyperextension of PIP
| flexion of DIP
swan neck deformity
172
flexion of PIP
| hyperextension of DIP
boutonniere deformity
173
joint destruction due to wear and tear
osteoarthritis
174
type of arthritis that comes from soft tissue inflammation and muscle imbalances
rheumatoid arthritis
175
dorsal dislocation of thumb onto trapezium
basal joint arthritis
176
osteophyte (bony outgrowth) formation at DIP joints
herberden's nodes
177
finger locked in flexion due to nodular enlargement of flexor sheath
trigger finger
178
condition that affects abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
DeQuervain's Dz
179
what is the test done to test for DeQuervain's Dz
Finklesein's test
180
texting DZ
DeQuervain's Dz
181
hand contractures, hyperplasia of the palmar fascia (stuck in fist)
Dupuytren's contractures
182
common compression site for median nerve injury
transverse carpal ligament
183
median nerve injury would result in sensation along which eminence
thenar
184
what is the test for median nerve compression
phalen test
185
how is phalen test done
thru wrist flexion
186
common compression site of the ulnar nerve
cubital tunnel
187
wrist drop occurs with what
radial nerve compression
188
Saturday night palsy is from compression of what nerve
radial nerve
189
flexion deformity of the ring and little finger=
ulnar claw hand
190
golfer's elbow
medial epicondylitis
191
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
192
common with mid humeral fractures
radial nerve injury
193
3 things the lat dorsi does
adduction of shoulder, shoulder extension, and internal rotation of the shoulder
194
what does subscapularis do
internal rotation and adduction
195
what does supraspinatus do
abduction
196
what does infraspinatus do
external rotation
197
what does teres minor do
external rotation
198
what 3 SITS muscles attatch to greater tubercle
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
199
what innervates teres minor
axillary nerve
200
what 2 things does the axillary nerve innervate
the deltoid and teres minor
201
what does post deltoid do
extension, external rotation, and horizontal abduction
202
what does anterior deltoid do
flexion of shoulder, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction
203
what does the sternal head of pec major do
GH adduction
204
what does the clavicular head of pec major do
GH flexion
205
where does the pec major attatch
intertubercular groove
206
what does the pec minor do
stabilizes shoulder
207
what is the function of subclavius
protects the subclavian artery
208
where does the lat dorsi attatch
bicipital groove
209
where does the long head of biceps insert
supraglenoid tubercle
210
where does the short head of biceps insert
coracoid process
211
what hold the long head of biceps in place
transverse humeral ligament
212
what does the coracobrachialis do
shoulder flexion and adduction
213
most powerful elbow flexor
brachialis
214
is the long head of triceps most medial or lateral
medial
215
which head of triceps is the one that does shoulder extension
long head
216
what is the MAIN function of the anconeus
prevent the joint capsule from pulling away
217
what are the two functions of the pronator quadratus
passive- stabilization during supination
| active-pronation
218
the hypothenar muscles are innervate by what nerve
(deep) ulnar nerve
219
all the thenar muscles are supplied by __________________nerve expect for _______________which is supplied by____________
median nerve (recurrent branch), adductor pollicis, deep ulnar nerve
220
the lateral 2 lumbricals are innervated by what nerve
median
221
the medial 2 lumbricals are innervated by what nerve
deep ulnar
222
what do the lumbricals do
flex the MCPs and extend the IPs
223
where do the lumbricals originate from
long flexor tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
224
what do the dorsal interossei do
abduct
225
what do the palmar interossei do
adduct
226
hollow inside and creates tunnels for long flexor tendons
fibrous sheaths
227
what is trigger finger
when there is a nodule on the fibrous sheaths that forces finger into flexion
228
what does the superficial radial nerve innervate
the first 3 fingers on the dorsal side
229
what does the ulnar nerve innervate
last 2 fingers on the dorsal side and the last 1 and 1/2 fingers on the palmar side
230
what does the median nerve innervate
- the DIP of the first 3 digits on the dorsal side
| - the first 3 and 1/2 digits on the palmar side
231
what passes thru the carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
232
what supplies the thenar eminence
palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
233
does the palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve pass thru the carpal tunnel
no
234
this is continuous with the palmar carpal ligament
extensor retinaculum
235
what is the purpose of the extensor retinaculum
to hold the tendons in place
236
what is more PROXIMAL the flexor or extensor retinaculum
extensor retinaculum
237
what compartment is affected with DeQuervain
| 's tenosynovitis
compartment 1
238
3 tendon from the extensor digitorum come together to make this
extensor hood
239
central band of the extensor hood attatches to what
middle phalanx
240
the 2 lateral bands of the extensor hood attatch to what
distal phalanx
241
what is mallet finger
a tear in the lateral bands....usually from having a ball hit your fingers
242
what does mallet finger usually result in
a drop of the distal phalnax
243
what is affected in Erb-Duchene injury
Rami of C5 and C6
244
what results from Erb-Duchene injury
internal rotation at the shoulder
extension at the elbow
flexion at the wrist
245
what is affected in ulnar claw hand/klumpke's
C8/T1
246
what happens in ulnar claw hand/klumpke's (3 things)
the ring and pink are affected and the MCP of these fingers are hypertextended and the DIP and PIP are flexed
interossei are also affected
247
in what condition will metacarpal troughs be present and why do they occur
ulnar claw hand/klumpke's
this is because the ulnar nerve innervates all the interossei and when the interossei atrophy, metacarpal troughs become present
248
simeon (ape) hand is what
an injury to the median nerve
249
what will simeon (ape) hand result in
atrophy of the thenar eminence
250
median nerve claw hand is called what
Hand of Papal-Benediction
251
which fingers are affected in Hand of Papal-Benediction
the index and middle finger
252
what happens in the Hand of Papal-Benediction
the index and middle finger's MCP joints will be hyperextended and the PIP and DIP joints will be flexed
253
fibrous disease of the palmar aponeurosis
Dupuytren's Contractures
254
hand stuck in fist
Dupuytren's Contractures
255
which fingers does Dupuytren's Contractures usually affect
the ring and pinky
