Unit 2 Flashcards
(256 cards)
1
Q
arcuate lines are where
A
on the ilium
2
Q
pectineal lines are where
A
on the pubis
3
Q
true pelvis is where
A
below the iliopectineal line
4
Q
false pelvis is where
A
above the iliopectineal line
5
Q
what is the indentation in the head of the humerus called
A
fovea capitis
6
Q
what is the femoral head covered in?
A
hyaline cartilage (except for the fovea capitis)
7
Q
what is the angle of inclination
A
angle formed by the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur
8
Q
angle of inclination less than 120 degrees
A
coxa vara
9
Q
angle of inclination greater than 135 degrees
A
coxa valga
10
Q
where the sacrum articulates with the body of L5
A
Lumbosacral joint
11
Q
are there more ligaments on the sacrococcygeal joint on the anterior or posterior side
A
posterior
12
Q
what type of joint is the SI joint
A
synovial
13
Q
what is the function of the Iliolumbar ligament
A
to maintain the position of the pelvis next to the vertebral column
14
Q
where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?
A
from the PSIS–> Ischial tuberosity (also attaches to the sacrum)
15
Q
where does the sacrospinous ligament run
A
from the lateral border of sacrum to the ischial spine
16
Q
what separates the greater and lesser sciatic notes and turns them into foramen
A
sacrospinous ligament (and maybe sacrotuberous too)
17
Q
2 large structures that come out of the greater sciatic foramen
A
- piriformis
- sciatic nerve
18
Q
where does the piriformis run between
A
sacrum–>greater trochanter
19
Q
7 small structures that pass thru the greater sciatic foramen
A
- ) superior gluteal n/a
- ) inferior gluteal n/a
- ) Posterior femoral cutaneous n
- ) Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
- ) Pudendal nerve
- ) Internal Pudendal artery
- ) Nerve to Obturator Internus
20
Q
what are the 4 structures that pass thru the lesser sciatic foramen
A
Pudendal nerve
Internal Pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator internus
Obturator internus
21
Q
where does obturator internus run
A
from the lesser sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter
22
Q
piriformis syndrome will affect what
A
the sciatic nerve
23
Q
lunate surface of the acetabulum is covered in what
A
hyaline cartilage
24
Q
what is a “sling” that supports the femoral head
A
transverse acetabular ligament
25
center of the acetabulum where there is no cartilage
acetabular fossa
26
extension of the acetabular labrum
transverse acetabular ligament
27
purpose of the acetabular notch
provides a passage for vessels and nerves to the joint
28
what goes into the fovea capitis
the ligamentum capitis femoris
29
what is the purpose of the ligamentum capitis femoris
to gives blood supply to femoral head
30
two parts of the hip joint capsule
- zona orbicularis
| - zona longitudinalis
31
purpose of the ligaments in the hip joint capsule
to restrain movement and prevent you from going too far laterally
32
ligament of the hip joint that limits hip abduction
pubofemoral ligament
33
ligament of the hip joint that limits hip extension
Iliofemoral ligament (aka the Y Ligament of Bigalow)
34
ligament of the hip joint that limits internal rotation
Ischiofemoral ligament (this one is on the back side)
35
gluteus maximus originates behind the ____________gluteal line
posterior
36
what innervates the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
37
function of the gluteus maximus
hip extender
38
bursae of the gluteus maximus that is between the gluteus maximus and the ischial tuberosity
ischiogluteal buras
39
bursa of the gluteus maximus that is between the gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter of femur
Greater Trochanteric Bura
40
MAIN function of the gluteus medius
abduction
41
the gluteus medius originates between the ________ and ______ lines of the ilium
posterior and anterior
42
innervation to the gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
43
function of the gluteus minimus
abduction
44
where does the gluteus maximus and medius INSERT
greater trochanter
45
the gluteus minimus originates between the ______and _______ line of the ilium
anterior and inferior
46
what supplies the gluteus minimus
superior gluteal nerve
47
what is Trendelenburg sign caused by
a weak gluteus medius is present
48
what does Trendelenburg sign look like
a drop in the pelvis on the contralateral side that the issue is on
49
The TFL blends with what
the IT band
50
what does the TFL do
flexes the hip and extends the knee
51
origin and insertion for the TFL
ASIS-->Iliotibial tract
52
what is the TFL supplied by
superior gluteal nerve
53
two muscles that insert into the IT band
gluteus maximus and TFL
54
name the 6 lateral rotators of the hip
1. ) piriformis
2. ) gemellus superior
3. ) obturator internus
4. ) obturator externus (anterior one)
5. ) gemellus inferior
6. ) quadratus femoris
55
where does the piriformis run
sacrum--> greater trochanter
56
where does the gemellus superior run
ischium-->tendon of obturator internus
57
where does obturator internus run
obturator membrane-->greater trochanter
58
where does gemellus inferior run
ischial tuberosity-->greater trochanter
59
where does quadratus femoris run
ischial tuberosity-->quadrate tubercle of femur
60
where does obturator externus run
obturator foramen-->medial side of greater trochanter
61
innervation for piriformis
nerve to piriformis
62
innervation for gemellus superior
nerve to obturator internus
63
innervation for obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
64
innervation for gemellus inferior
nerve to quadratus femoris
65
innervation for quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
66
innervation for obturator externus
obturator nerve
67
all the external rotators do abduction as well except for the________
quadratus femoris
68
besides external rotation what does the quadratus femoris do
adduction
69
the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery forms what
the superior gluteal artery
70
the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery forms what
the inferior gluteal artery
71
the lumbar plexus is anterior to __________and posterior to __________
quadratus lumborum, psoas major
72
muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
- psoas major
- iliacus
- quadratus lumborum
73
contributions to the lumbar plexus
VPR of L1 to L4 and T12
74
contribution(s) to subcostal nerve
T12
75
contribution(s) to Iliohypogastric nerve
L1
76
what does the iliohypogastric nerve innervate
gluteal and hypogastric skin, obliques and transverse abdominis
77
contribution(s) to Ilioinguinal nerve
L1
78
what does the iliinguinal nerve innervate
skin of groin and obliques, transverse abdominis
79
contribution(s) to genitofemoral nerve
L1 and L2
80
contribution(s) to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
L2/L3
81
what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate
the anterolateral thigh
82
is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve post or ant
posterior
83
contributions to the femoral nerv
L2, L3, and L4
84
what does the femoral nerve innervate
- sartorius
- iliacus
- pectineus
- rectus femoris
- vastus muscles
85
is the femoral on the ant or post side
posterior
86
contribution(s) to the obturator neve
L2, L3, and L4
87
what does the obturator nerve innervate
things on the medial thigh
88
in 9% of people the obturator accessory nerve innervates what
the pectineus
89
is the obturator and obturator accessory nerve anterior or posterior
anterior
90
the lumbosacral trunk is formed by what
L4 and L5
91
contribution(s) to the sacral plexus
L4-L5, S1-S4
92
what does the superior gluteal nerve innervate
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
TFL
93
what does inferior gluteal nerve innervate
gluteus max
94
what does nerve to piriformis innervate
piriformis
95
two parts of the sciatic nerve
common peroneal
| tibial
96
contribution(s) to the common peroneal nerve
L4, L5, S1, and S2
97
what does the common peroneal nerve innervate
short head of biceps femoris
98
contribution(s) to the tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3
99
what does the tibial nerve innervate
adductor magnus (vertical fibers), long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
100
what does nerve to quadratus femoris innervate
Quadratus femoris
| Inferior Gemellus
101
what does nerve to obturator internus innervate
Obturator internus
| Superior Gemellus
102
contribution(s) to pudendal nerve
S2, S3, and S4
103
what does the pudendal nerve innervate
levator ani
| perineum muscles
104
name the anterior branches of sacral plexus
- tibial n
- n to quadratus femoris
- n to obturator internus
- pudendal n
105
the oblique fibers of adductor magnus are innervated by the _______n
obturator n
106
the vertical fibers of the adductor magnus are innervated by what
tibial n
107
the posterior parts of the sacral plexus are what
superior gluteal n
inferior gluteal n
n to piriformis
common peroneal n
108
contribution(s) to the posterior division of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
S1/S2
109
contribution(s) to the anterior division of the posterior femoral cutaneous never
S2/S3
110
which nerve mainly goes to the hamstrings
tibial nerve
111
contribution(s) to n to piriformis
S1 and S2
112
S2 and S3 also give off what
perforating cutaneous n
113
what does perforating cutaneous nerve do
gives sensation to the butt
114
where does the IT band insert
on gerdy's tubercle (lateral tibia)
115
what provides sensation to the femoral triangle
femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
116
gives sensation high up on the medial thigh
medial femoral cutaneous nerve
117
supplies sensation to the skin on the front of the thigh all the way down to the knee
anterior (intermediate) femoral cutaneous nerve
118
supplies sensation to the lateral portion of thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2 and L3)
119
supplies most of the inner thigh (both sensory and motor)
anterior branch of obturator nerve
120
Sensory info to the back of the leg
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
121
contribution(s) to Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
S1-S3
122
what gives off inferior cluneal branches
posterior femoral nerv
123
the femoral artery is a continuation of what
external iliac artery
124
external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery when it passes what
inguinal ligament
125
the superficial and deep external pudendal arteries come off the femoral artery_______
medially
126
branch off femoral artery that comes off medial part of the knee
Descending genicular
127
profunda femoris artery comes off the femoral artery ______and ______
deep and laterally
128
what does the profunda femoris artery pierce
adductor magnus
129
profunda femoris artery gives blood to what group of muscles
hamstrings
130
3 things that come off the profunda femoris a
- lateral circumflex femoral a
- medial circumflex femoral a
- four perforating arteries that perforate adductor magnus
131
which branch of the profund femoris perfuse adductor magnus
the four perforating branches
132
what does obturator artery come from
internal iliac artery
133
what does the obturator artery give blood to
adductors and medial compartment of thigh
134
where does the great saphenous vein terminate
femoral vein via
135
where does the small saphenous vein terminate
popliteal vein
136
does the great or lesser saphenous vein pass by the lateral malleolus
small
137
the 5 muscles of the anterior compartment are
1. ) Sartorius
2. ) Iliacus
3. ) Psoas Major
4. ) Pectineus
5. ) 4 Quad muscles
138
name the 3 things that attatch to pes ansarinis on the tibia
1. ) sartorius
2. ) gracilis
3. ) semitendenosus
139
what 3 things does sartorius do
1. ) flexion of knee
2. ) flexion of hip
3. ) external rotation of hip
140
origin and insertion for sartorius
ASIS--> Pes ansarinis
141
what nerve innervates the sartorius
femoral n
142
what artery innervates the sartorius
femoral a
143
what is the function of iliacus
flexion of hip
144
what does pectineus do (2 things)
hip flexion
| hip adduction
145
innervation for iliacus
femoral n
146
innervation for pectineus
femoral n
147
blood supply for iliacus
femoral a
148
blood supply for pectineus
femoral a
149
what does psoas major do
hip flexion
150
innervation for psoas major
VPR L2, L3, and L4
151
innervation and blood supply for all 4 quad muscles
femoral nerve and femoral artery
152
function of ALL the quad muscles
knee extension
153
function of ONLY the rectus femoris bc it crosses the hip joint
hip flexion in addition to knee extension
154
5 muscles of medial compartment
1. ) gracilis
2. ) adductor longus
3. ) adductor brevis
4. ) oblique fibers of adductor magnus
5. ) obturator externus
155
2 functions of the gracilis and maybe a 3rd??
1. ) adduction of hip
2. ) internal rotation of hip
3. ) a little bit of knee flexion too
156
what gives blood supply to all the anterior compartment muscles
femoral a
157
what gives blood supply to the gracilis
deep femoral a
158
Innervation for the gracilis
anterior obturator n
159
2 functions of the adductor longus
adduction of hip
| internal rotation of hip
160
innervation for adductor longus
anterior obturator n
161
blood supply for adductor longus
deep femoral a
162
2 function of adductor brevis
1. ) internal rotation of hip
| 2. ) adduction of hip
163
blood supply to adductor brevis
deep femoral a
164
innervation to adductor brevis
anterior obturator n
165
3 functions of adductor magnus (oblique fibers)
adduction, extension, and internal rotation
166
what are the oblique fibers of adductor magnus innervated by
posterior division of obturator n
167
function of the obturator externus
external rotation of hip (abduction)
168
what is obturator externus innervated by
posterior obturator n
169
2 things that are innervated by the post obturator n
1. ) oblique fibers of adductor magnus
| 2. ) obturator externus
170
3 things that are innervated by the anterior obturator n
1. ) gracilis
2. ) adductor longus
3. ) adductor magnus
171
4 muscles in the posterior compartment
biceps femoris (two heads!)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
vertical fibers of adductor magnus
172
ALL the hamstrings do what
knee flexion
173
only the long head of biceps femoris does what
hip extension
174
what is the innervation for the short head of biceps femoris
common peroneal n
175
what is the innervation for the long head of biceps femoris
tibial n
176
innervation for both semimembranosus and semitendinosus
tibial n
177
what are the vertical fibers of adductor magnus innervated by
tibial n
178
all the hamstrings expect for the short head of biceps femoris attatch where
ichial tuberoisty
179
the ONLY thing innervated by the common peroneal n is what
short head of biceps femoris
180
the inguinal ligament is a thickening of what
external abdominal oblique
181
borders of the femoral triangle
```
superiorly--> inguinal ligament
medially--> adductor magnus
laterally--> satorius
roof--> skin and fascia latae
floor--> iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, and adductor longus
```
182
contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)
```
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral Canal/Ring (empty space)
Lymphatics
```
183
a tough band that forms a medial wall for the femoral triangle contents
lacunar ligament
184
where does the adductor canal begin
where the sartorius crosses adductor longus
185
where does the adductor canal end
adductor hiatus
186
what is the adductor canal formed by
subsartorial fascia
187
borders of the adductor canal
Sartorius
Vastus Medialis
Adductor longus
188
contents of the adductor canal (5 things)
femoral artery
femoral vein
deep lymphatic vessels
saphenous nerve (branch of the femoral n)
nerve to vastus medialis ( branch of femoral n)
189
termination of adductor canal
adductor hiatus
190
terminal branch of the femoral nerve
saphenous nerve
191
what does the saphenous nerve do
sensory info to the medial side of the leg and foot
192
which branch of the obturator nerve pierces obturator externus
posterior
193
the obturator nerve splits into anterior and posterior parts right before what muscles
adductor brevis
194
lateral rotation at the tibofemoral joint occurs when
during the last few degrees of extension
195
medial rotation at the tibiofemoral joint occurs when
during the first few degrees of flexion
196
the tibiofemoral joint is what type of joint
modified hinge
197
the patellofemoral joint is what type of joint
gliding
198
the proximal tibofibular joint is what type of joint
gliding
199
where does the patellar tendon attach
tibial tuberosity
200
what is affected in Osgood schlatters
the tibial tuberosity
201
which side of the patella is covered with hyaline cartilage and is the articular surface
back side
202
during knee flexion/extension, the ___________ of the patella must track along _________________of the femur
median vertical ridge, trochlear groove
203
what is the cause of chondromalacia patella
maltracking of patella
204
ligament that is the expanision of semimembranosus and covers up the posterior aspect of the popliteal fossa
oblique popliteal ligament
205
remnant of synovial membrane and in between the femoral condyles
infrapatellar fold
206
bursa that is above patella and deep to quadriceps tendon but superior to the bone
suprapatellar
207
bursa that is in front of patella between skin and patella
prepatellar
208
bursa that is behind patellar ligament (between patellar ligament and tibia)
deep infrapatellar
209
bursa that is between skin and patellar tendon
superficial infrapatellar
210
housemaid's knee is what
prepatellar bursitis
211
clergyman's knee is what
infrapatellar bursitis
212
swelling of semimembranosus bursa in back of the knee
baker's cyst
213
what would be restricted with a baker's cyst
knee flexion
214
muscle that is composed of deep fibers of vastus intermedius and works during knee extension to lift the bursa and capsule out of the knee joint to prevent impingement
articularis genu
215
where does ligamentum patellae run
inferior patella-->tibial tuberosity
216
does the fibular collateral or tibial collateral ligament connect with the meniscus
medial collateral
217
fibular collateral ligament protects against what
a medial blow to the knee
218
tibial collateral ligament protects against what
a lateral blow to the knee
219
ligament that runs from lateral femur to the tibia on the posterior side
oblique popliteal ligament
220
ligament that runs from lateral epicondyle of femur and the lateral epicondyle of the tibia to the fibular head
arcuate popliteal ligament (Y shaped one)
221
does the ACL or PCL attach to the lateral femoral condyle
ACL
222
does the ACL or PCL attach to the medial femoral condyle
PCL
223
inflammation of the patellar ligament
Osgood-schlatters dz
224
joint: the 2 malleoli articulating with the talus
talocrural joint
225
the interossesous ligament and transverse tibiofibular ligament are found in what joint
distal tibiofibular joint
226
what divides the leg into the 3 compartments
crural fascia
227
splits the posterior compartments into superficial and deep components
deep transverse fascia
228
4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
1. ) tibialis anterior
2. ) extensor digitorum longus
3. ) extensor hallucis longus
4. ) peroneus tertius
229
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by
deep peroneal nerve
230
what artery supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
anterior tibial artery
231
2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
1. ) peroneus longus
| 2. ) peroneus brevis`
232
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment innervated by
superficial peroneal nerve
233
what artery supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment
peroneal artery
234
what are the 3 muscles of the SUPERFICIAL posterior compartment of the leg
1. ) gastrocnemius
2. ) soleus
3. ) plantaris
235
what 4 muscles make up the DEEP posterior compartment of the leg
1. ) Popliteus
2. ) Tibialis Posterior
3. ) Flexor Digitorum Longus
4. ) Flexor Hallucis Longus
236
what makes up the triceps surae
1. ) gastrocnemius
2. ) soleus
3. ) plantaris
237
all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by what nerve
tibial nerve
238
all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are supplied by what artery
posterior tibial artery
239
name the posterior compartment things from superficial to deep in order
1. ) Tibialis Posterior
2. ) Flexor Digitorum Longus
3. ) Posterior Tibial Artery
4. ) Tibial nerve
5. ) Flexor Hallucis Longus
240
what forms the tarsal tunnel that the tom dick and now harry things pass thru
tarsal tunnel
241
foot drop is caused by damage to what nerve
deep peroneal
242
the common peroneal nerve wraps around what structure
fibular head
243
an injury to what nerve would cause someone to lose the ability to plantar flex
tibial nerve
244
muscles in which compartment are responsible for dorsiflexion
anterior
245
muscles in which compartment are responsible for plantar flexion
posterior
246
muscles in which compartment are responsible for eversion
lateral
247
which muscles are responsible for inversion
1. ) tibialis posterior
2. ) tibialis anterior
3. ) extensor hallucis longus (in the anterior compartment)
248
muscle that sweeps behind the sustentaculum tali to keep the foot in the best elevated position
flexor hallucis longus
249
flat foot=
pes planus
250
two muscles that formr a stirrup and give support to the medial longitudinal arch
peroneus longus and tibialis posterior
251
4 borders of the popliteal fossa
- superolateral=biceps femoris
- supermedial-semitendinosus and semimembranosus
- inferomedial- medial head of gastroc
- inferolateral= lateral head of gastroc
252
contents of the popliteal fossa (3)
1. popliteal artery
2 popliteal vein
3. genicular arteries
253
is the popliteal vein lateral or medial to the popliteal artery the popliteal fossa
lateral
254
is the popliteal vein superficial or deep to the popliteal artery at the popliteal fossa
superficial
255
what does the popliteal artery split into
tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior arteries
256
anterior tibial artery becomes what once it passes the ankle jointt
dorsalis pedis artery
