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APHUG > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Vocab Master

1
Q

Place

A

A specific place on earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

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2
Q

Region

A

An area of earth defined by multiple distinctive characteristics. ( ex. North America).

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3
Q

Scale

A

The relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole. ( from local to global)

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4
Q

Space

A

The physical gap between two objects or places.

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5
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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6
Q

Map

A

A 2-D model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.

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7
Q

Cartography

A

The science of map-making.

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8
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

The system determining the precise position of somewhere on Earth.

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9
Q

Geotagging

A

Identifying and storing information by its precise latitude and longitude.

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10
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

Captures, stores, and displays geographic data.

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11
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and electronic information.

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12
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The acquisition of data about earth from long distance information technologies.

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13
Q

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

A

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

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14
Q

Citizen Science

A

Scientific research by amateur scientists.

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15
Q

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

A

Community-based mapping.

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16
Q

Mashup

A

Map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service (like Google Maps).

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17
Q

Map Scale

A

The size of a feature on a map compared to in the real world.

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18
Q

Written Scale

A

“1 centimeter equals 100 kilometers”

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19
Q

Graphic Scale

A

A bar lined marked grid across a map to show distance on Earth’s surface.

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20
Q

Ratio Scale

A

“1:1,000,000”

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21
Q

Projection

A

Transfer of locations on Earth’s surface to a map.

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22
Q

Longitude

A

Arc between the north and south poles. Measure distance east or west from Prime Meridian. aka meridian

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23
Q

Latitude

A

Circles that run around earth and do not touch. Measure distance north or south from equator. aka parallels

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24
Q

Prime Meridian

A

0 degrees longitude that runs through Greenwich, England.

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25
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
The time at the Prime Meridian which is a reference time for all points of Earth.
26
International Date Line
Located at 180 degrees longitude, and when you pass this line you turn the clock either forward or backward 24 hours.
27
Location
The position that something occupies on Earth's surface.f
28
Toponym
The name given to a place on Earth.
29
Site
The physical character of a place used to describe location.
30
Situation
The location of a place relative to other places.
31
Cultural Landscape
A combination of cultural and physical features of a region to derive its unified character.
32
Formal Region
aka uniform region. Area where everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.
33
Functional Region
aka nodal region. When a culture is connected by a characteristic at its central point, and the characteristic diminishes in importance as you move away from that point.
34
Vernacular Region
aka perceptual region. An area where people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
35
Culture
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that bring together a group of people.
36
Spatial Association
When features of regions are related it brings them together and they associate more strongly with each other.
37
Globalization
A process in which the entire world is losing the ability for something or someone individually to interact with something or someone else in another place.
38
Transnational Corporation
A group that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in multiple countries.
39
Concentration
The extent of a how a feature is spread across space.
40
Distribution
The arrangement of a feature in space.
41
Pattern
The geometric arrangement of objects in space. Some things are distributed in patterns and others are distributed irregularly.
42
Poststructuralist Geography
Examines how the powerful in society try to dominate the less powerful.
43
Humanistic Geography
Emphasizes the different ways that individuals forms ideas about places and give those places symbolic meanings.
44
Behavioral Geography
Emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for human actions in regions.
45
Uneven Development
The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions.
46
Assimilation
The process by which a group's cultural features are altered to fit in with those of another group.
47
Acculturation
The process of changes in a culture that result in the meeting of two groups.
48
Syncretism
The combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.
49
Hearth
A place from which an innovation originates.
50
Contagious Diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.
51
Stimulus Diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.
52
Expansion Diffusion
The spread of a feature from one place to another.
53
Hierarchal Diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons of authority to other persons.
54
Network
A chain of communication that connects places.
55
Distance Decay
Contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears.
56
Space-Time Compression
Describes the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.
57
Resource
A substance in the environment that is useful to people.
58
Sustainability
The use of Earth's resources in ways to ensure its availability in the future.
59
Renewable Resource
Produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed.
60
Nonrenewable Resource
Produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed.
61
Conservation
The management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs and have enough.
62
Preservation
The maintenance of resources in their current condition, with as little human impact as possible.
63
Biotic
The living organisms on Earth.
64
Abiotic
The nonliving things on Earth.
65
Atmosphere
Gases surrounding the Earth.
66
Hydrosphere
The water on or near Earth's surface.
67
Lithosphere
Earth's crust (surface) and a portion of the upper mantle.
68
Biosphere
All living organisms on Earth.
69
Climate
The long-term average weather condition of a specific location or region.
70
Ecosystem
A group of living organisms and the abiotic factors they interact with.
71
Ecology
The scientific study of ecosystems. The studying of the interactions between biotic factors as well as biotic and abiotic factors.
72
Cultural Ecology
The study of the interactions of humans and the environment.
73
Environmental Determinism
The theory that the physical environment caused and causes social development.
74
Possibilism
The physical environment limits human actions, but people can adjust their environment to somewhat remove these limitations.
75
Polder
A piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

APHUG (7 decks)

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