unit 1

Question 1

Define Growth

Answer 1

An increase in a measurable quantity such as height or weight

Question 2

Define Development

Answer 2

The complex changes in skills and capabilities that an individual experiences as they grow

Question 3

What does P.I.E.S stand for?

Answer 3

Physical Intellectual Emotional Social

Question 4

What are the areas of development that we look at in human health?

Answer 4

physical, language, and communication, cognitive, social/emotional

Question 5

How many life stages are there?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What are the 6 life stages and their ages?

Answer 6

Birth and Infancy (0-2)
Early Childhood (3-8)
Adolescence (9-18)
Early Adulthood (19-45)
Middle Adulthood (46-65)
Later Adulthood (65+)

Question 7

What do adolescents experience?

Answer 7

Growth spurts and develop sexual characteristics

Question 8

Infants reach approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2, True or False?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the 4 principles of growth?

Answer 9

• Growth rates are not constant
• Different parts of the body grow at different times
• Growth rates vary between children
• Boys usually grow faster than girls, as they tend to grow taller

Question 10

What is physical development?

Answer 10

Growth and other physical changes that happens in the body through the life stages

Question 11

What is Intellectual development?

Answer 11

The development of language, memory and thinking skills

Question 12

What is Emotional development?

Answer 12

The ability to cope with feelings about ourselves and others

Question 13

What is social development?

Answer 13

The ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be independent

Question 14

Define life span

Answer 14

The length of time a person functions from birth til death

Question 15

Define life stages

Answer 15

The particular phases a person will go through in their life span

Question 16

What are the 2 life stages where an individual experiences the greatest growth?

Answer 16

Puberty and Infancy

Question 17

Why will a baby’s head circumference be measured a birth and between 6-8 weeks?

Answer 17

To check the size and growth of the brain

Question 18

What do healthy newborns usually do?

Answer 18

Double their birth weight by 4-5 months and triple it by 1 year

Question 19

what is meant by ‘growth is continuous, but not smooth’’

Answer 19

Every single person has a different growth rate, the sequence of growth and development is the same for all children

Question 20

What will a health visitor will do?

Answer 20

Plot the results on a growth chart to ensure they meet their milestones as it allows them to identify issues, for example; being underweight or growing to slowly

Question 21

What are the 8 principles of development?

Answer 21

• It happens from head to toe (proximodistal development)
• An infant will first be able to control their head
• Then develop control over body to enable them to sit
• Then control over their legs and feet to allow them to crawl and eventually walk
• From inside to outside (Cephalo Caudal)
• An infant learns to control movement in their body first, then in their arms and legs
• Finally, they learn to control the small muscles in their fingers
• Areas of development are dependent on and influence each other

Question 22

Define Developmental norms

Answer 22

(Key Milestones) are the stages that every individual is expected to develop at particular stages in their life

Question 23

What do developmental norms include?

Answer 23

Walking, talking. tying shoe laces, is able to use a pen

Question 24

How can gross motor skills be developed?

Answer 24

Observation

Question 25

How do fine motor skills involve coordination?

Answer 25

As it involves coordinating the small muscles in the hands and fingers to work together.

Question 26

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a newborn?

Answer 26

Fine: Hold their thumbs (tucked into their hands) Gross: Primitive reflexes such as grasping

Question 27

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 1 month old?

Answer 27

Fine: Opens hand to grasp a finger Gross: Lifts chin, some control of head

Question 28

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 3 months old?

Answer 28

Fine: Can briefly grasp a rattle Gross: Can lift their head and chest when lying on front

Question 29

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 6 months old?

Answer 29

Fine: Moves objects from hand to hand, can pick up dropped toys Gross: Rolls over, can sit up for a short time without support, kicks legs when held

Question 30

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 9-10 months old?

Answer 30

Fine: Uses fingers and thumb to hold a small object Gross: Crawls, begins to cruise (walking while holding onto objects)

Question 31

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 12-13 months old?

Answer 31

Fine: Manipulates and places toys Gross: Stands alone can without help

Question 32

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 18 months old?

Answer 32

Fine: Builds a short tower with blocks Gross: Climbs onto furniture

Question 33

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is a 2 years old?

Answer 33

Fine: Draws circles and lines and can turn a page Gross: Propels a sit-on toy with their feet, throws a large ball

Question 34

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is a 2 and a half years old?

Answer 34

Fine: Uses a spoon and a fork, builds a tower of 7-8 blocks Gross: Jumps from a low step, kicks a ball

Question 35

What does becoming more independent mean?

Answer 35

Completing tasks on own or with little support, not being an independent person

Question 36

What is a schema?

Answer 36

A schema is a category of knowledge as well as a process of acquiring new skills (Building blocks of knowledge)

Question 37

What are piaget’s four stages?

Answer 37

Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage 2: Pre-operational Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage 4: Formal Operational

Question 38

What is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 38

The infant only knows the word via its immediate senses, sight, taste, touch, sounds (sensory) and the (motor) actions it performs. As a results, infants invent way to problem solve by opening, closing and moving objects between places. Piaget believed that babies would have no way of remembering and thinking about the world until they are 18 months old. We know this because infants lack the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. At 8 months children will search for the object but will tend to search in places it had seen the object hidden before - even though the object is visually moved to a new hiding place. At 0-5 months an object that was visually hidden is not searched for.

Question 39

What is the Pre-operational stage?

Answer 39

Through this stage the child continues to add or create new schemas (concepts). The child is still dominated by the sensory information it receives and is very influenced by the apparent be of things; sight. They fail to be able to carry out logical operations and show centration (only focus on one aspect of an object at a time). The child will learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view off other people. For example: A researcher might take a lump of clay, he divides it into tow equal pieces, then give a child the choice between two piece of clay to play with, one piece of clay is rolled into a compact ball while the other is smashed into a flat pancake shape. Since the flat shape looks larger, the pre-operational child will likely choose that piece en thought the two pieces are exactly the same.

Question 40

What is the concrete operational stage?

Answer 40

Children use practical resources to help them understand the world, such as using counters for mathematics. They can now classify, categories and use logic to understand things they see. At this point, children also become less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel. Children in the concrete operational stage also begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings and opinions.

Question 41

What is the Formal operational stage?

Answer 41

Young people now have the capacity for abstract thought, rational thought and problem solving. Ideas are now reasoned and can be thought about through verbal statements, without the use of visual aids or concrete examples. They can think about hypothetical (forethought imagining) problems such as planned bus journeys. Consequences are now considered and are planned in advance.