unit 1 AOS 1.2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is health status?
An individual’s or population’s overall level of health and wellbeing, taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity.
Measuring health status - why is it useful?
Allows judgements to be made about the health and wellbeing of individuals, groups or populations.
It also allows trends to be identified in health status over time. This can provide valuable feedback on actions that have already been implemented. Such information can further guide interventions aimed at improving health and wellbeing.
what are the Health Status Indicators
They are standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status.
- self assessed health status
- life expectancy
- mortality
- morbidity (including incidence and prevalence of health status conditions)
- burden of disease (including DALY, YLL and YDL)
- rates of hospitalisation
- core activity limitations
- psychological distress
When a question asks about health and wellbeing what would you refer to?
Eg. How does Jean joining a basketball team impact her health and wellbeing?
→ You need to link to a dimension of health and wellbeing via a characteristic eg. link to health body weight → then link to physical health and wellbeing.
When a question asks about health status what would you refer to?
When a question asks about health status:
Eg. How does Michael being diagnosed with MS at the age of 45 years old impact his health status?
→ You need to link to a health status indicator eg. link to DALY or life expectancy or self-assessed health status etc.
what is Self-assessed health status
Is based on an individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing.
It is a subjective measure.
what is Life expectancy?
An indication of how long a person can live: it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change. (add to glossary)
what is Mortality
Mortality refers to death, particularly at a population level.
what is the Mortality rate
The mortality rate is an indication of how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period for a specific cause or for all causes combined.
describe Years of life lost (YLL).
Years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death is another way of measuring and comparing mortality.
If a person dies from a given condition 30 years before the predicted life expectancy for their age, then they have contributed 30 YLL to that particular cause of death.
For example, if a 14-year-old female dies in a car crash, and life expectancy for females that age is 84, then 70 years have been added to the YLL for injuries.
what is Morbidity?
Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence, prevalence).
what are the two ways of considering morbidity?
the number or rate of people reporting a condition (often represented as a percentage of a population, or the incidence and prevalence rates)
the years lost due to disability (YLD), where one YLD is equal to one ‘healthy’ year of life lost due to time lived with disease, injury or disability.
Incidence and prevalence of health conditions
definitions
Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a given period (usually 12 months)
Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time.
YLD definition
Years Lived with Disability (YLD)
Definition: a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with disease, injury or disability.
Connection: YLD quantifies the impact of morbidity in terms of disability. Both incidence and prevalence contribute to YLD, as they determine how many people are affected and for how long.
what is Burden of disease?
Burden of disease is a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
DALY - Disability adjusted life years
One DALY = one year of healthy life lost due to illness/death
Core activity limitation meaning?
Core activity limitation: when an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the three core activities.
Core activities relate to three main areas of life (in table)
- Self-care
- Mobility
- Communication in own language
Psychological distress meaning
Psychological distress: relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that have an impact on an individual’s level of functioning.
The proportion of individuals with very high levels of psychological distress can be measured using the ….
The proportion of individuals with very high levels of psychological distress can be measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).
