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LANG 1/2 > Unit 1: AOS1- Functions and features of language > Flashcards

Unit 1: AOS1- Functions and features of language Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

what is metalanguage?

A

language describing language

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2
Q

name all subsystems of language

A

phonetics and phonology
lexicology
morphology
semantics
discourse & prgamatics
syntax

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3
Q

Name Jacobson’s functions of language

A

Referential- conveys info
Emotive- provoke feelings
Conative- engages adresse eg. commands
phatic- social connection
metalinguistic- talks of language itself
poetic- aesthetic dimension

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4
Q

what are factors influencing language? (think broadly)

A

situational context- the immediate circumstances where discourse occur
cultural context- the beliefs and values of wider community

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5
Q

Describe and elaborate on FIRMTAC

A

Field- subject or content discussed
I-authorial intent- the authors aims to convey…
Register- formality of text
Mode- written, spoken or signed
Tenor- relationship between the participants inc. social distance, power, intimacy and status
A- audience how does it target and influence the audience
C- cultural context

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6
Q

morphology

A

the study of how words are formed and shaped

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7
Q

free morphemes

A

indivisible and have meaning

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8
Q

bound morphemes

A

rely on root to be used in a word

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9
Q

prefix

A

a bound morpheme which attaches infront of root

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10
Q

suffix

A

attaches to the end of a word

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11
Q

inflectional affix

A

bound morpheme that adds grammatical information to the word such as plurality, possession, comparative/ superlative

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12
Q

derivational affix

A

bound morpheme which changes the existing word and creates a new meaning
can change word class

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13
Q

lexicology

A

the study of words- their form, their meaning and how they behave in the discourse they are in

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14
Q

lexeme

A

is a word

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15
Q

lexicon

A

vocabulary

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16
Q

nouns

A

refers to people, places, things, ideas or concepts

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17
Q

common nounrs

A

refer to things generally

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18
Q

abstract nouns

A

ideas that can’t be seen

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19
Q

Proper nouns

A

specific or capitalized nouns

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20
Q

pronouns

A

replace nouns to avoid repetition

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21
Q

verbs

A

describes actions, processes, states or events

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22
Q

primary auxiliary verb

A

modify and change some aspects of a main verb such as tense, form the negative or propose questions

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23
Q

modal auxiliary verbs

A

express the possibility, ability, intent, obligation, or necessity of an action

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24
Q

adjectives

A

denote properties, describes or modifies nouns

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25
adverbs
modify, describe, qualify verbs , adjectives or sentences time, degree, frequency, manner, place
26
prepositions
functions to show relationship between nouns or pronouns and other words in sentence
27
conjunctions
connect other words, phrases clauses or sentences together
28
coordinating conj
for, and , nor, but, or, yet, so
29
subordinating conj
can join a dc with an ic
30
determiners
introduce noun phrases and function as notifiers
31
interjections
words or phrases that express sudden or strong emotive feeling
32
function words
pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, auxiliary verbs, modal verb
33
content words
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, interjections
34
define phrases
a group of words that have some sort of grammatical relationship with another and convey meaning
35
noun phrases
a group of one or more words and contain a noun at the head of the phrase
36
verb phrases
consists of a main verb and another word that may modify
37
prepositional phrases
consists of a preposition and a noun phrase that is considered the object
38
adjective phrases
consists of an adjective as its head and may include modifiers to that adjective
39
syntax
is concerned with the structure of phrases, clauses and sentences
40
what is the syntactical structure for the english language
Subject verb object
41
clauses
set of phrases that must contain a subject and predicate some can stand alone= independent some can't stand alone= dependent
42
subjects
noun/noun phrase takes action of the sentence
43
predicates
main verb of the clause and modifiers
44
objects
the recipient of a noun phrase or the subject
45
complement
phrase/ clause with extra info about subject or object eg. my cat is fearless- np eg. the comment made everyone feel awkward (adjectival description)
46
name the sentence structures
simple, compound, complex and complex-compound
47
simple sentence
contain single clause subject and predicate
48
compound
two or more independent clauses joined with a coord-conj
49
complex-compound
combination of independent and dependent
50
fragments
incomplete sentences missing subject or predicate
51
what are the sentence types?
declarative, imperative, interrogatives, exclamatives
52
ellipsis
part of a grammatical structure is omitted without affecting understanding
53
MEAL paragraph
metalanguage, evidence, analysis, line number
54
semantics
a semantical field is a group of words related in meaning
55
jargon
specialised and technical vocabulary from a semantic field
56
inference
arriving at a conclusion that depends on the situational context or cultural knowledge rather than knowledge writers and speaker IMPLY readers and listeners INFER
57
differences between spoken and written modes
speech- less highly involved in society dynamic and transcient more informal and intimate typically spontaneous and unplanned face-to-face interaction immediate feedback supported by prosodic and paralinguistic cues written- more highly regarded in society solitary static and permanent no visual contact/ contextual support planned
58
prosodics
looks at the element of speech that exist outside single sounds such as vowels and consonants
59
what are the prosodic features?
stress, pitch, intonation, tempo, volume
60
stress
the emphasis placed on a specific syllable
61
pitch
level/ height of a sound
62
tempo
speed of speaking
63
volume
loudness or softness
64
discourse
overall patterns and structure of spoken/written text
65
pragmatics
how language is used within a given context and how content contributes to meaning
66
paralinguistic features
features of speech that help distinguish from writing eg. vocal effects: coughs, laugher, whispering body lang: eye gaze, gesture, facial expression creakiness and breathiness
67
metaphors
comparison of two things Eg. he is a pig of a man
68
similes
comparison of two things using like or as eg. he eats like a pig
69
personification
an inanimate object that takes on human qualities
70
figurative language
can be created through description using adjectives and declarative sentences

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