Unit 1: AOS2- Child language acquistion Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the three main CLA theories?
behaviorism
navistism
interactionism
overview of Behaviourism
linguist: B.F Skinner
Nutshell: uses reinforcement and correction
role of caregiver: active, copy and repeat
lexical dev: environment and stimulus response
syntactical: imitation, reinforcement, and correction
‘monkey hear, monkey say’
overview of nativist theories
linguist: Noam Chomsky
nutshell: born with an innate ability to learn language
caregiver: gives exposure to the language
lexcial dev: acquire langugae, pre-programmed
synactic: rule based learning
“ I was born to talk”
interactionist overview
linguitst: Eric Lennenberg
Nutshell: acquired via various sources and there is an existance of a critical period of language acquisition
Lexcial dev: questions
syntactical: both environment and biologically
“ I think, therefore I talk”
Universal Grammar (UG)
humans have an innate ability to learn and use language
-prioritise nature over nurture
- all babies are biologically pre-programmed to learn language
- all babies learn the same 15 sounds
- same stages of development
Usage based theory
-theory focuses on cognitive abilities and social behaviours to account for language acquisition
-children build grammar through tailored interaction with general cognitive skills
CDS
child directed speech
older children and adults use a specific non-standard form of modified speech toddlers and infants can understand
- repetition
- names not pronouns
- higher pitch
-present tense
- one work utterance
- fewer verbs and modifiers
Current theories of language acquisition?
-there is no singular theory but different parts of theories explain the process of CLA
-complex and multifaceted skill
List the stages of CLA
Pre-linguistic stage (0- 6months)
Babbling stage (6-12 months)
Holophrastic stage (12-18 months)
First word 1- Word patterns (18 months)
First word 2- word classes
Two-word stage (24- 30 months)
Telegraphic stage (24- 30 months)
Multi-word stage (30 months)
LAD
language acquisition device is a theorized part of the brain which can innately learn language confirming the idea of nature over nurture
Babbling stage
6-12 months
begin to replicate adult language sounds
combination of vowels and consonants such as ‘ba’, ‘ma’ and ‘ga’
reduplicated monosyllables
da-da ma-ma ‘baba’
pre-linguistic stage
0-6 months
begin to communicate in basic forms- crying to signal hunger, discomfort or pain
begins to control airflow
recognise primary care givers voice
Holophrastic stages
12-18 months
associate words with meaning
express intended meaning, the child will vary sound and gesture
such as pointing and saying ‘doggie’
First words 1- word patterns
predictable patterns of word acquisition
entities- people, food, humans, animals, clothes, vehicles
properties
actions
personal
first word 2- word classes
intial nouns are largest group used then progressing to abstract around 5-7 years
nouns-> verbs-> adjectives
two-word stage
24-30 months
greater understanding of syntactic and semantic relations when combining words
usually two words eg. dada chair
telegraphic stage
24-30 months
communicate meaning combining content words with function words
sentences with 3 or more words
multi word stage
approx 30 months
begin to use grammatical function
with content words
sentences are more complex increasing syntactical knowledge
At what age do children start to add inflections to their words?
Children start to add inflections to their words as early as 20 months old.
What is the order of acquisition for inflections?
Inflections are acquired in a certain order, with -ing acquired the earliest.
Which inflection is acquired the earliest and why?
-ing inflection is acquired the earliest, probably because it represents the present tense.
What are the most frequently used articles in English?
A and the are used most frequently.
Which inflection is used least frequently?
-ed is used least frequently.
What is an example of the present participle -ing?
I am going.
Example of present participle usage.
