Unit 1: Atomic Structure & Properties Flashcards
First Unit of AP Chemistry!!! If you think this is hard, just wait until the end of the year. (:I) Review and Get good friends!
What is molar mass?
The mass of one mole of a substance. Allows for the conversion between the mass of a substance and the # of moles in a substance.
What is Atomic Mass (amu)?
Defined as the mass of an element’s atom. Determined by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
What is Avogadro’s number, and when is it used?
Is 6.022 x 10 [23 exponent]. Used as the factor that converts the average mass of one particle, in grams, to the molar mass of the substance, in grams per mole (g/mol)
What does a Mass Spectroscopy Chart do?
Shows the natural abundance of certain isotopes of an element.
What is an Empirical Formula?
Formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is electron configuration?
Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in an atom or molecule’s atomic or molecular orbitals. The electron configuration of an atom is represented by certain numbers and letters that describe the arrangement of electrons in the atom’s energy levels, like S, P, D, and F.
What is Coulomb’s Law?
Coulomb’s law states that the closer two charged particles are to each other, the stronger the force between them. It also states that the larger the charges of the particles, the stronger the force between them. (F = k( q[1] q[2] )/ r [exponent 2] )
What are valence electrons?
Electrons on the outermost shells of an atom. Have weaker attraction to nucleus.
What does Photo Electron Spectroscopy do?
Shows relationship between the binding energy of electrons and subshell/shell placement.
On the periodic table, electronegativity tends to increase when you go __
On the periodic table, electronegativity tends to increase when you go UP and to the RIGHT of the table.
On the periodic table, Atomic Radius tends to increase when you go __
On the periodic table, Atomic Radius tends to increase when you go DOWN and to the LEFT on the table.
of Protons increase as you go ___ on the periodic table
of Protons increase as you go RIGHT on the periodic table, +more nuclear charge
Valence electrons tend to be at a smaller distance from the nucleus when they’re ___ on the periodic table and larger distances when they’re ___
Valence electrons tend to be at a smaller distance from the nucleus when they’re HIGHER UP on the periodic table and larger distances when they’re LOWER DOWN
Helpful Tip Valence electrons in an element correspond to its group.
Ex; group 1 elements like H, Na, and Rb have 1 valence electron. Group 8 elements like Ne, Ar, and Xe, have 8 valence electrons.
Group 1, 2, and 3 have what type of ionic charges?
Positive Ionic charge. Group 1 has +1, Group 2 has +2, Group 3 has +3 charge.
