Unit 1: Biochemistry Flashcards
What is an Amino Acid?
They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
What does Amphipathic mean
A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
ex. phospholipids that form the phospholipid bilayer, with a hydrophilic head(polar) and a hydrophobic(non-polar) inside
What is an anabolic process
a process that builds larger, complex molecules from smaller, more simple ones. Requires energy.
What is the ratio of elements in Carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen(CHO); 1:2:1 ratio
What are the 6 most common elements in all living matter (think CHNOPS)
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Catabolic reactions ____ molecules in living cells
Break down larger
What is a disaccharide composed of
two molecules of monosaccharides linked to each other
Where are Hydrogen Bonds most frequent
Between water molecules, DNA, and Proteins
What is the strength of a Hydrogen Bond?
Weak bond between a Hydrogen and a negatively charged item
What is the main property of Hydrophilic (Polar) molecules
attracted to water molecules (phospholipid head)
What is the main property of Hydrophobic (Non-Polar) properties
repel water molecules
(phospholipid tails)
What are ions
charged particles that have an uneven # of protons and electrons
-Cat(ions) are pawsitive
What type of molecule are phospholipids?
Amphiphilic - has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
What is the ration of molecules in Lipids?
CHO(P) - not a 1:2:1 ratio
What are the 4 major macromolecules (composed of CHNOP)
Carbohydrates, Lipids/fats, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What groups do amino acids have?
Amino group, Carboxyl group, R-group
Amino acids bond through ____ to form a _____
dehydration synthesis; peptide bond
What is a monomer?
A small molecule that are repeated units in a polymer
What is a monosaccharide and what do they do?
The simplest form of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built; They produce and store energy in chemical bonds
ex. Glucose
The charge in a nonpolar molecule is distributed _____
Evenly
ex. CO2 and O2
What are Nucleic Acids composed of? (DNA,RNA)
A 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base(A-U/T,C-G).
What are the nitrogenous bases that form DNA in living cells and to which do they pair with?
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
How are polymers broken down?
Hydrolysis
What are the 4 most important organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
