Unit 1 Cell Biology

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintaining internal conditions.

Question 2

Response

Answer 2

Ability to detect stimuli and make appropriate changes

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

All chemical reactions that happen inside a single cell.

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

1. Cells are the smallest unit of life.
2. Everything is made out of cells.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 5

Examples that question the cell theory

Answer 5

Giant Algae, Striated muscle cells, Aseptate Fungal Hyphae, Red blood cells

Question 6

Stem cells

Answer 6

Cells that are not differentiated yet (genes are not expressed/protein synthesis) that have the potential to become specialized cells.

Question 7

Giant Algae

Answer 7

Is large in size but only composed of one single cell. 0.5 to 10cm in length.
Questions that all cells are microscopic/smallest unit of life.

Question 8

Striated Muscle cells

Answer 8

Multi nucleated despite being surrounding by a cell membrane.

Question 9

Aseptate Fungal Hyphae

Answer 9

No clear cell wall, just cell membrane, looks multi nucleated.

Question 10

Parts of the cell membrane

Answer 10

Phospholipids, integral/intrinsic proteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, glyco-proteins

Question 11

structure of Prokaryotes

Answer 11

Nucleoid, plasmid, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili, flagellum, ribosome 70s, cytoplasm, (centriole)

Question 12

structure of eukaryotes

Answer 12

nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, vesicles, cell membrane, (cell wall in plants and fungi), ribosome 80s, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, golgi apparatus, centrioles, mitochondria

Question 13

how to distinguish between RER and golgi apparatus in photographs

Answer 13

RER are more straight and equal while the golgi apparatus tends to get thicker along the sides. There might be more vesicles around the golgi.

Question 14

4 main phases of mitosis and 1 pre phase

Answer 14

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 15

types of transport across the membrane

Answer 15

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, bulk transport

Question 16

During interphase …

Answer 16

.. the chromosomes replicate, making two strands of each, the centrioles replicate.

Question 17

During metaphase…

Answer 17

…the double armed chromatids lind up in a single line on the equator of the cell. The spindle microtubles from the centrioles extend and attach to either sides of the centeromere.

Question 18

During telophase…

Answer 18

…the chromatids elongate, a new nuclear membrane is formed.

Question 19

Function of golgi apparatus

Answer 19

packaging of proteins

Question 20

function of lysosome

Answer 20

digestion in cells

Question 21

Evidence of endosymbiotic theory

Answer 21

mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 22

Role of cyclin

Answer 22

Cyclin is the protein used in the cell cycle that regulates the cell cycle. It binds with a cyclin dependent kinase and this binds with a specific protein that activates it. This is done by giving a phosphate to the protein.

Question 23

Mitotic index

Answer 23

= total number of cells going through mitosis/ total number of cells

Question 24

Simple diffusion vs. facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

simple - passes directly through the membrane, does not require any proteins
facilitated - cannot pass directly through the membrane, requires protein channels