Unit 1: Changing Population Flashcards
(21 cards)
Population Distribution
The “spread” of people across the world (eg. where they live).
Voluntary Internal Migration
The movement of people from one place to another within a country involving a permanent change of address.
Core-Periphery
The concept of a developed core surrounded by an undeveloped periphery (eg. Brazil).
Megacity
A metropolitan area with a population of 10+ million people.
Population Change
The balance between Birth Rate (BR), Death Rate (DR) and migration.
Birth Rate
of live births / 1000 people / year
Death Rate
of deaths / 1000 people / year
Natural Increase
Calculated by: Crude DR - Crude BR and expressed as a % of population (not taking migration into account).
Natural Increase: When BR is greater than DR
Natural Decrease: When DR is greater than BR
Doubling Time
of years needed for a population to double.
General Fertility Rate
of live births / 1000 women of child bearing age (15-49) / year.
Total Fertility Rate
Average # of children born / female, if all females lived to end of childbearing years.
Without migration, population decreases naturally when TFR is less than 2.1 (replacement rate).
Life Expectancy
Average # of years a person can be expected to live from birth if demographic factors remain unchanged throughout their life.
Infant Mortality Rate
of deaths of infants ( < 1 yrs old) / 1000 live births / year
Child Mortality Rate
of deaths of children ( < 5 yrs old) / 1000 live births / year
Population Momentum
The tendency of a population to grow despite a fall in BR or fertility.
Population Projection
Predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality & migration.
Migration
Any population movement involving a permanent change of residence of at least 1 year’s duration.
Internally Displaced Person
Someone forced to flee their home, but who remains within their country’s borders.
Sex Ratio
The proportion of males to females in a given population, usually expressed as # of males per 100 females.
Gender Imbalance
Disparity between males and females in a population.
Demographic Dividend
A phenomenon in which the majority of the population is economically active, with a low dependency ratio, as produced by the lag time between falling DR and falling BR (eg. India).
