Unit 1: Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Symbiosis
A
Interaction between different species in a community
2
Q
Mutualism
A
- benefited
- benefited
3
Q
Amensalism
A
- Harmed
- unaffected
4
Q
Commensalism
A
- Benefited
- Unaffected
5
Q
Neutralism
A
- Unaffected
- Unaffected
6
Q
Parasitism
A
- Benefited
- Harmed
7
Q
Microbiome
A
-community of microorganisms living in an environment
8
Q
Resident microbiota
A
Microorganisms that constantly live in or on our bodies
9
Q
Transient microbiota
A
Microorganisms that are temporarily on human body
-includes pathogenic microorganisms
10
Q
Microbiota
A
-prokaryotes living in a certain region of the body (example mouth,eye, throat)
11
Q
Commensal microbiota
A
-type of resident microbiota that is mutualistic, example found in mouth
12
Q
Normal microbiota
A
- microorganisms that naturally inhabit healthy normal people
- prevents pathogens from living there
13
Q
How are prokaryotes classified?
A
- shape
- staining patterns
- biochemical/physiological differences
- nucleotide sequencing
14
Q
Proteobacteria
A
-phylum of gram negative bacteria discovered by Carl Woese based on nucleotide sequence homology
15
Q
Alphaproteobacteria
A
-can live in low nutrient environments
16
Q
Oligotrophs
A
-species that can live in low nutrient environments
17
Q
Obligate intracelular pathogens
A
- require part of their life cycle to be in other cells (host cells)
- Chlamydias and rickettsias
18
Q
Rickettsia
A
- pathogen in Alphaproteobacteria class
- need to be in a host cell for energy because they can’t make ATP
19
Q
Betaproteobacteria
A
- have a wide range of metabolic strategies can survive in a range of environments
- includes pathogens, Neisseria, and Bordetella pertussis
20
Q
Gammaproteobacteria
A
- largest/most diverse group
- Eschericha cool
21
Q
Enteric
A
-intestinal bacteria in Gammaproteobacteria
22
Q
Coliform
A
-ferment lactose completely with the production of acid and gas
23
Q
Noncoliforms
A
Cannot ferment lactose or only ferment it incompletely making an acid or gas but both both
24
Q
Deltaproteobacteria
A
- small group of gram negative bacteria that can reduce sulfur
- some are scavengers and form myoxospores w/ fruiting bodies
25
Epsilonproteobacteria
-require small amounts of oxygen in environment
26
Rickettsia
- gram negative
- can be cocci/rods/threads
- obligate intracelular bacteria
- Alphaproteobacteria
- transmitted by TICKS can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever & typhus
27
Chlamydia trachomatis
- obligate intracelular pathogen
- Alphaproteobacteria
- causes trachoma, disease of the eyes that cause blindness
- also cause std lymphogranuloma (LGV)
28
Neisseria
- Betaproteobacteria
- microaerophilic (requires low levels of oxygen)
- diplococcal resembles coffee beans
- needs moisture and CO2
29
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Causes gonorrhea
30
Neisseria meningitides
Causes meningitis
31
Pseudomonas
- gram negative bacillus
- aerobic
- green culture
- opportunistic
- can cause wound, hospital, and patients w/ cystic fibrosis infections
32
Vibrio
- gram negative comma/rod shaped
- live in sea water
- motile
- produce toxins that cause hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in GI track
33
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- infects wounds and burns
- causes urinary tract infections
- respiratory infections in patients w/ cystic fibrosis
34
Vibrio cholerae
-causes a hypersecretion of water and electrolytes causing watery diarrhea and dehydration
35
Escherichia
- gram negative bacillus
- facultative anaerobe
- inhabits GI track
36
Yersinia
- gram negative bacillus
- carried by rodents
- cause plague and diarrhea
37
Salmonella
Causes salmonellosis which inflamed small and large intestine causes fever, vomiting, and diarrhea
38
Campylobacter
- gram negative spiral shaped rod
- aerobic
- infects chickens
39
Helicobacter
- gram negative spiral-shaped rod
- aerobic
- can damage inner lining of stomach causing chronic gastritis ulcers and stomach cancer
40
Spirochetes
```
Motile, spiral bacteria with long narrow body
nonproteobacteria
-DF microscope
-impossible to culture/stain
-syphilis 3rd most common std
```
41
Borrelia
- genus of spirochete
| - contains species that cause Lyme disease
42
Gram negative nonproteobacteria
- spirochetes
- Cytophaga
- Fusobacterium
- Bacteroides
- Planctomycetes
- photo trophic bacteria
43
CFB Group
Rod shaped anaerobic organoheterotrophs/good fermenters
C: Cytophaga
F: Fusobacteria
B: Bacteroides
44
Cytophaga
Motile aquatic bacteria that glide
45
Fusobacteria
Live in human mouth can cause severe infectious diseases
46
Bacteroides
Largest group of CFB
| Large amounts found in the human gut, most are mutualistic some are pathogenic
47
Planctomycetes
Found in aquatic environments
- reproduce by budding
- form large colonies
- develop a holdfast
48
Photo trophic bacteria
- use sunlight as energy
- includes proteobacteria & nonproteobacteria
- sulfur & nonsulfur bacteria colored purple/green
- can fix nitrogen into usable forms of nitrogen
49
Sulfur bacteria
- do anoxygenic photosynthesis
- use sulfur compounds as donors of electrons
- non sulfur use organic compounds as electron donors
50
Cyanobacteria
Oxygen producing bacteria that introduced oxygen into the air forming earths atmosphere
51
Treponema
- genus that causes syphilis
| - causes tropical infectious diseases of skin, bones, and joints
52
High G+C gram-positive bacteria
Have 50% more guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
53
Low G+C gram-positive bacteria
Have 50% less guanine and cytosine nucleotides in DNA
54
Actinobacteria
- name for class of high G+C gram positive bacteria
| - has several different peptidoglycan in cell wall
55
Mycobacterium
- bacilli covered with a mycolic acid coat
| - Acintobacteria
56
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes tuberculosis
| -high G+C gram positive
57
Mycobacterium leprae
- causes leprosy (Hanens Disease)
| - high G+C gran positive
58
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Causes diphtheria
| -high G+C gram positive
59
Clostridia spp.
-low G+C gram positive bacteria that are obligate anaerobes that can make endospores
60
Lactobacillaels
- pharyngitis
- scarlet fever
- rheumatic fevers
- glomerulonephritis
- pneumonia
61
Bacilli
- low gram positive
- rod shaped and coccus species
- resistant to antibiotics
- anthrax
- staph aureus
62
Mycoplasma spp.
- low gram positive
- pleomorphic
- lack cell walls
63
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Causes atypical pneumonia
64
Campylobacter jejuni
Food poisoning/inflammation of small insets tube due to contaminated poultry products
65
Clostridium perfeingens
Causes gas gangrene
66
Clostridium tetani
Causes tetanus
67
Clostridium botulinum
Causes botulism
68
Clostridium difficile
Causes colitis
69
Escherichia coli
makes shiga toxin from contaminated food
70
Treponema pallidum
Causes syphilis
71
Helicobacter pylori
Causes chronic gastritis and ulcers
72
Borrelia burgdorferi
Causes Lyme disease
73
Gardnerella vaginalis
Causes bacterial vaginosis
74
Streptococcus aureus
MRSA
| causes skin infections
75
Bacillus anthracis
Causes anthrax
76
Streptococcus pyogenes
Causes pharyngitis/strep throat
