Unit 1 CHATGPT Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a chemical element?
A chemical element is a pure substance that can not be broken down and made of only one kind of atom, defined by its number of protons.
Name the four most common chemical elements in the human body and give one function of each.
Oxygen (O) – respiration; Carbon (C) – backbone of organic molecules; Hydrogen (H) – part of water and organic molecules; Nitrogen (N) – found in proteins and nucleic acids.
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the Bohr model of the atom?
It shows the atom as a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in fixed orbits or shells.
How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?
Protons = atomic number; Neutrons = mass number - atomic number; Electrons = protons in a neutral atom.
Define molecule and compound.
Molecule: two or more atoms bonded together. Compound: a molecule made of atoms from different elements.
Difference between a molecule and a compound?
Molecule: 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together (atoms can be same or different elements)
Compound: a molecule that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements bonded together
How is an ion formed and what is an ionic bond?
Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons. An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Compare ionic compounds and covalent molecules.
Similarities: Both involve atoms bonding to achieve stability. To complete their outer electron shells.
Differences: Ionic Compounds TRANSFER electrons. Covalent Molecules SHARE electrons.
Compare organic and inorganic molecules.
Organic: carbon-based with C-H bonds, complex (e.g., glucose, DNA). Inorganic: usually no C-H bonds, simpler (e.g., water, NaCl).
Give 2 examples of organic and inorganic molecules that can’t be mistaken.
Organic: glucose, DNA. Inorganic: water (H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl).
What is the chemical composition of organic molecules?
Carbon, hydrogen, often oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What are the four main types of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What are two characteristics that make organic molecules useful to living organisms?
Carbon’s ability to form complex structures and the presence of functional groups for reactivity.
