Unit 1- Chemical Changes and Structure Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are 4 things that can increase the rate of reaction?
- Increasing temperature
-Increasing concentration
-Decreasing particle size - Catalysts
What is the definition of a catalyst?
- A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being used in the process
How would you calculate the rate of reaction?
Change in quantity / change in time
Define the mass number?
THe mass number is the amount of protons + the amount of neutrons in an element
Define the atomic number?
The amount of protons in an element
What is the name of group one and what are its features?
Alkali metals- They are very reactive due to only having one electron
What is the name of group 7 and what are its features?
Halogens- They are very reactive because they only need one more electron to become stable
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of of protons but different neutrons
What is a covelant bond?
A covelant bond is the bond between 2 non-metal elements. Two positive nuclei are held together by their electrostatic attrction to a shared pair of electrons.
What are some features of a covelant bond?
They dont conduct electrity and have low melting and boiling points
What are some features of covelant networks?
They do not conduct electricity and have high melting and boiling points
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is the bond between a metal and a non-metalheld together by electrostatic sttraction between the two ions.
What are some features of the ionic bond?
They have high melting/boiling points and conduct elctricity when as a lquid
What are some common acids?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
What are some common alkalis?
Calcium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH)
What will happen when you dilute an acid?
When an acid is diluted, the pH will move towards 7, as the concentration of H+ ions increases
What will haappen when you dilute an alkali?
Then an alkali is diluted, the Ph will fal towards 7, as the concentration of OH- ions decreases
What will happen when a soluable non-metal oxide dissolves in water?
It produces an acidic solution
What will happen when a metal oxide is dissolved in water?
It produces an Alkaline solution
A reaction between a metal oxide and an acid produces..
a salt and water
A reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid produces…
a salt and water
A reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid produces
a salt, water and carbon dioxide.
Chloride salts are produced from…
hydrochloric acid.
Sulphate salts are produced from
sulphuric acid.
