Unit 1 - Chemistry

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

Chemistry is the study of the changes and transformations of matter, and the energy involved

Question 2

What are chemistry’s fields of study?

Answer 2

Inorganic, Organic, Analytical, Physical, Biochemistry

Question 3

What does organic chemistry study?

Answer 3

It studies carbon-based compounds, usually containing carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 4

What does inorganic chemistry study?

Answer 4

It studies all compounds not studied by organic chemistry

Question 5

What are physical phenomena?

Answer 5

Phenomena that don’t change a substance’s composition

Question 6

What are chemical phenomena?

Answer 6

Phenomena that change a substance’s composition

Question 7

What are physical properties?

Answer 7

Properties that can be measured and observed without a substance changing composition

Question 8

What are chemical properties?

Answer 8

Properties that are shown when there is a change in chemical structure

Question 9

What are some examples of physical properties?

Answer 9

Organoleptic (senses), mass, volume, density, boiling and melting point

Question 10

What are some examples of chemical properties?

Answer 10

Reactivity, chemical bond, pH, flammability, toxicity, heat of combustion

Question 11

How is matter and its subclasses classified?

Answer 11

Matter - Mixtures and Pure Substances
Mixtures - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Pure Substances - Elements and Compounds

Question 12

What are elements?

Answer 12

They are a pure substance made up of equal atoms that can’t be decomposed into simpler substances

Question 13

What are compounds?

Answer 13

They are a pure substance made up of the chemical bonding of two or more different atoms that lose their original properties and gain new ones

Question 14

How can elements be classified?

Answer 14

Metals, non-metals, metalloids

Question 15

What are mixtures?

Answer 15

They are the physical union of multiple elements or compounds where no chemistry happens

Question 16

What are the two types of mixtures?

Answer 16

Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures

Question 17

What are heterogeneous mixtures?

Answer 17

Mixtures that aren’t fully uniform

Question 18

What types of heterogeneous mixtures are there?

Answer 18

Emulsions, suspensions, colloids

Question 19

What are emulsions?

Answer 19

An heterogeneous mixture that consists of a liquid mixed with another undissolved liquid

Question 20

What are suspensions?

Answer 20

An heterogeneous mixture that consists of big solid particles dispersed in liquid that eventually sink. 1000+ um

Question 21

What are colloids?

Answer 21

An heterogeneous mixture that consists of small solid particles dispersed in liquid that don’t sink. <1000 um

Question 22

What are two unmixable liquids called?

Answer 22

Immiscible liquids

Question 23

What are homogeneous mixtures?

Answer 23

Mixtures whose components are uniformly distributed. They are also known as solutions

Question 24

What are solutions’ two components?

Answer 24

Solvent (bigger part), solute

Question 25

What are the four states of matter?

Answer 25

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 26

What are the states of matter dependent on?

Answer 26

Cohesion forces, repulsive forces, ion formation

Question 27

What states of matter have definite volume?

Answer 27

Solids and liquids

Question 28

What states of matter have Brownian motion?

Answer 28

Gases and plasmas

Question 29

What are the characteristics of plasmas?

Answer 29

Indefinite shape and volume, electrically conductive, production of magnetic fields and electric currents

Question 30

How is a gas converted to a plasma?

Answer 30

By exposing it to high temperatures or applying a huge voltage

Question 31

What happens to electrons in plasmas?

Answer 31

They are stripped from the atoms’ nucleus

Question 32

What factors are involved in changes of state?

Answer 32

Heat energy and pressure

Question 33

What are all the changes of state called?

Answer 33

Solid-Liquid: Melting and Freezing Liquid-Gas: Vaporization and Condensation Gas-Plasma: Ionization and Recombination Solid-Gas: Sublimation and Deposition

Question 34

In terms of what four qualities did Aristotle describe the composition and behavior of matter?

Answer 34

Hot-Cold, Wet-Dry

Question 35

What was the first chemical revolution?

Answer 35

It was a reformulation of chemistry that culminated in the law of conservation of mass and oxygen theory of combustion. During the 19th and 20th century this was accredited to french chemist Antoine Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry

Question 36

Who proposed phlogiston theory and what did it say?

Answer 36

Georg Ernst Stahl. Phlogiston was the essence of fire. It was an invisible fluid that was released with burning

Question 37

Who proposed dephlogisticated air and what was it?

Answer 37

Joseph Priestly. He discovered air has a particular gas in which flames burn brighter and in which animals and plants live. He thought it had no phlogiston, hence the name.

Question 38

What did Henry Cavendish do?

Answer 38

His first publication combined three short chemistry papers on factitious airs or gases produced in the laboratory. He produced “inflammable air” (hydrogen) by dissolving metals in acid He produced “fixed air” (carbon dioxide) by dissolving alkalis in acids

Question 39

How did Henry Cavendish collect the gases he produced?

Answer 39

In bottles inverted over water or mercury