Unit 1: Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

Answer 1

Elements

Question 2

There are about how many naturally occurring chemical elements?

Answer 2

100

Question 3

About how many elements are essential for living organisms

Answer 3

25

Question 4

4 most important and abundant elements

Answer 4

CHON: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 5

CHON

Answer 5

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 6

Smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 7

Protons

Question 8

Neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Neutron

Question 9

Negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus in layers

Answer 9

Electron

Question 10

Atomic number

Answer 10

Number of protons

Question 11

of protons = # of electrons

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Number of protons + average number of neutrons in an atom

Answer 12

Atomic mass

Question 13

Atoms of the same element differing in number of neutrons

Answer 13

Isotopes

Question 14

Atom that has lost or gained electrons, becoming charged

Answer 14

Ion

Question 15

Bond between oppositely charged ions, where electron transferred from one atom to the other

Answer 15

Ionic

Question 16

Bond between atoms sharing electrons

Answer 16

Covalent

Question 17

Attraction of an atom in a bond for electrons

Answer 17

Electronegativity

Question 18

Equal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond

Answer 18

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 19

Unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond where one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other atom

Answer 19

Polar covalent bond

Question 20

Weak, intermolecular bond between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule

Answer 20

Hydrogen bond

Question 21

Molecule with opposite ends being oppositely charged

Answer 21

Polar molecule

Question 22

In H2O, oxygen is partially __ and hydrogens are partially __.

Answer 22

Negative, positive

Question 23

Water molecules sticking together, results in water being liquid

Answer 23

Cohesion

Question 24

Water molecules sticking to other polar substances

Answer 24

Adhesion

Question 25

Difficulty breaking the surface of a liquid

Answer 25

Surface tension

Question 26

Takes extra heat to break hydrogen bonds so water can evaporate

Answer 26

High specific heat

Question 27

Water is less ___ as a solid

Answer 27

Dense

Question 28

Water is capable of dissolving ionic compounds and many molecules. Water is a

Answer 28

Universal solvent

Question 29

Form determines

Answer 29

Function

Question 30

Dissolving agent

Answer 30

Solvent

Question 31

Substance that is dissolved

Answer 31

Solute

Question 32

Combination of solute and solvent

Answer 32

Solution

Question 33

Solution in which water is the solvent

Answer 33

Aqueous solution

Question 34

Substance that is water soluble

Answer 34

Hydrophilic

Question 35

Substance that is water insoluble

Answer 35

Hydrophobic

Question 36

Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 36

Acid

Question 37

Substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 37

Base

Question 38

Measure of the concentration of acid or base in a solution

Answer 38

pH

Question 39

Substance that minimizes changes in the acid or base of a solution

Answer 39

Buffer

Question 40

Acids are ___ than 7

Answer 40

Lower

Question 41

Bases are ___ than 7

Answer 41

Higher

Question 42

Starting materials for a chemical reaction

Answer 42

Reactants

Question 43

Final materials present after a chemical reaction

Answer 43

Products

Question 44

Element capable of forming large, complex, stable molecules

Answer 44

Carbon

Question 45

Covalent combinations of atoms that impart specific properties

Answer 45

Functional groups

Question 46

Long molecule made of repeating small molecules

Answer 46

Polymer

Question 47

Small molecules used to build polymers

Answer 47

Monomers

Question 48

4 kinds of bio molecules

Answer 48

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 49

Made of sugar molecules

Answer 49

Carbohydrates

Question 50

Glucose, fructose

Answer 50

Monosaccharides

Question 51

All carbohydrates polymerize together by ___ reaction

Answer 51

Dehydration

Question 52

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Answer 52

Polysaccharides

Question 53

Carbohydrates are used for

Answer 53

Energy

Question 54

Any hydrophobic bio molecule made of fatty acids

Answer 54

Lipids

Question 55

Triglycerols, sterols, phospholipids

Answer 55

Examples of lipids

Question 56

Proteins are polymers made of

Answer 56

Amino acids

Question 57

Proteins are polymers made of

Answer 57

Amino acids

Question 58

How many kinds of amino acids

Answer 58

20

Question 59

Chain of amino acids

Answer 59

Polypeptide

Question 60

Order or sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 60

Primary structure

Question 61

Coils and folds resulting from hydrogen bonds between amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Answer 61

Secondary structure

Question 62

Coil within a polypeptide chain

Answer 62

Alpha helix

Question 63

2 or more parallel strands within a polypeptide

Answer 63

Beta sheet

Question 64

A single, unrepeated loop, fold, or twist in a polypeptide

Answer 64

Random coil

Question 65

Overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions between amino acid R groups

Answer 65

Tertiary structure

Question 66

Clumping together of amino acids with non-polar R groups

Answer 66

Hydrophobic attraction

Question 67

Attraction between amino acids with polar R groups

Answer 67

Hydrogen bonds

Question 68

Bonds between amino acids with + and - charged R groups

Answer 68

Ionic bonds

Question 69

Covalent bonds between 2 amino acids with sulfhydryl R groups

Answer 69

Disulfide bonds

Question 70

Protein structure resulting from multiple polypeptide chains

Answer 70

Quaternary structure

Question 71

Biological catalysts

Answer 71

Enzymes

Question 72

T or F: Proteins are used as enzymes

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Nucleic acids are polymers made of

Answer 73

Nucleotides

Question 74

DNA, RNA

Answer 74

Nucleic acids

Question 75

Inhibitor that attaches outside of the active site of the enzyme

Answer 75

Allosteric inhibitors

Question 76

Inhibitor that competes for the substrate

Answer 76

Competitive inhibitor

Question 77

Helps fine tune or enhance an enzyme

Answer 77

Allosteric enhancer