Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

Simplest system that can be considered alive

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

2 categories of cells

Answer 2

Prokaryote and eukaryote

Question 3

No nucleus or other membranous organelles

Answer 3

Prokaryote

Question 4

Nucleus and other membranous organelles

Answer 4

Eukaryote

Question 5

Which is smaller: prokaryote or eukaryote

Answer 5

Prokaryote

Question 6

What advantage do smaller cells have?

Answer 6

Surface area/volume ratio

Question 7

Why is surface area to volume important

Answer 7

Time it takes to permeate all the way through the cell

Question 8

Interior of the cell

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

Jelly-like fluid within cell

Answer 9

Cytosol

Question 10

Double membrane bound area enclosing chromosomes

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Single DNA molecule with associated proteins

Answer 11

Chromosome

Question 12

Complex of DNA and proteins in chromosomes

Answer 12

Chromatin

Question 13

Pores that regulate what materials enter and leave nucleus

Answer 13

Nuclear pores

Question 14

Assembles rRNA and ribosomes

Answer 14

Nucleolus

Question 15

Make proteins

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

Network of membranes for intracellular transport

Answer 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Build lipids, metabolize carbohydrates, detoxify drugs, store Ca++

Answer 17

Smooth ER

Question 18

Assemble glycoproteins for secretion, grows membranes

Answer 18

Rough ER

Question 19

Receive, sort, modify, package and export chemicals

Answer 19

Golgi

Question 20

Membranous sacks for storage and transport of chemicals

Answer 20

Vesicles

Question 21

Membranous sacks containing digestive enzymes

Answer 21

Lysosomes

Question 22

Large membranous sacks storing water, ions and nutrients

Answer 22

Vacuoles

Question 23

Membranous sacks containing enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide

Answer 23

Peroxisome

Question 24

Release energy by metabolizing food molecules

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 25

Cytoskeleton

Question 26

Produce sugars by photosynthesis

Answer 26

Chloroplast

Question 27

Bacteria cell walls are made out of

Answer 27

Peptidoglycan

Question 28

Bacteria cell walls are made out of

Answer 28

Peptidoglycan

Question 29

Plant cell walls made of

Answer 29

Cellulose

Question 30

Fungi cell walls made of

Answer 30

Chitin

Question 31

Provide barrier to hydrophilic molecules passing

Answer 31

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 32

Resists changes in membrane fluidity resulting from temperature changes

Answer 32

Cholesterol

Question 33

Requires no energy from the cell

Answer 33

Passive transport

Question 34

Movement of molecule from high to low concentration

Answer 34

Diffusion

Question 35

Diffusion of water from high to low solute concentration

Answer 35

Osmosis

Question 36

Diffusion through a transmembrane protein

Answer 36

Recilitative

Question 37

Channel proteins that transport ions

Answer 37

Ion transport proteins

Question 38

Channel proteins that open or close in response to stimulus

Answer 38

Active transport or pump

Question 39

Requires energy from the cell

Answer 39

Active transport

Question 40

Matrix or mesh of fibers built by the cell and exported outside

Answer 40

Cell wall

Question 41

Loose mesh of fibers including collagen, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Answer 41

Extracellular matrix

Question 42

Fibronectin protein in the ECM attach to ________ proteins that span the plasma membrane and then attach to cytoskeleton microfilaments

Answer 42

Transmembrane

Question 43

Provide channels through which chemicals can pass

Answer 43

Transmembrane channels

Question 44

Carry out enzymatic reactions, often in assembly lines

Answer 44

Membrane-bound enzymes

Question 45

Membranes need to ____ the cell from its surroundings

Answer 45

Separate

Question 46

Membranes need to _____ with surroundings

Answer 46

Communicate

Question 47

Membranes need to allow some chemicals to pass while preventing others from passing, aka

Answer 47

Semi (selectively) permeable

Question 48

Main molecule of membranes that separates the cell from its surroundings

Answer 48

Phospholipids

Question 49

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same molecule

Answer 49

Amphipathic

Question 50

Receive and respond to signal molecules sending messages

Answer 50

Receptors

Question 51

Allows cells to recognize the type of cell

Answer 51

Marker

Question 52

Connect or bind cells to each other or to the extracellular matrix

Answer 52

Binding proteins or anchors

Question 53

Often marker proteins are covalently bonded to carbohydrates

Answer 53

Glycoproteins

Question 54

Some markers are not proteins, but lipids bonded to carbohydrates

Answer 54

Glycolipids

Question 55

Fewer solids outside

Answer 55

Hypotonic

Question 56

Fewer solids inside

Answer 56

Hypertonic

Question 57

Same amount of solids inside and outside

Answer 57

Isotonic

Question 58

Bulk transport of molecules out of the cell

Answer 58

Exocytosis

Question 59

Bulk transport of molecules into the cell

Answer 59

Endocytosis