Unit 1 Church in Britain

Question 1

*** Who was St Alban and how did he spread Christianity (6 point question)?

Answer 1

3 Points and 3 Evidence or Examples:

The first British Christian martyr (209)

1. Alban woke up and found his servant talking a Christian priest, who taught Alban all about Jesus.
2. Alban gave shelter to the priest but soldiers came to his house. Alban swapped clothes with the priest to allow the priest to escape.
3. Alban was beheaded which led to many others to become Christians seeing his faith.

Question 2

Chapter 3 What is a martyr?
what is martyrdom

Answer 2

Martyr - A person who dies for their faith e.g. Martin Luther King.

Martyrdom is death or suffering of a martyr

Question 3

Chapter 3 Who was the first Christian martyr?

Answer 3

Jesus or St Stephen
Stephen was stoned to death for his beliefs

Question 4

Chapter 3 Who was the first British Christian martyr?

Answer 4

St Alban

Question 5

** Chapter 4 Who was Augustine and why was he important for Christianity (6 point question)?

Answer 5

3 fully explained points:

Point 1 and evidence/example/explanation
Point 2 and evidence/example/explanation
Point 3 and evidence/example/explanation

1. Augustine was a Benedictine monk. In 598C the Pope sent him + 40 to persuade English to become Christian
2. Augustine spoke to King about the bible and persuaded King Ethelbert to become a Christian and he was baptised. Others became Christian
3. King gave Augustine land. He built 2 monasteries and was called St Augustine Archbishop of Canterbury.

Question 6

Chapter 4 What is a shrine?

Answer 6

A special place for religious prayer

Question 7

***What is the purpose of stained glass windows?

Answer 7

Represents stories from the Bible.

Light that passes through stained glass windows is often seen as a symbol of the divine light of God.

Question 8

***** Chapter 5 Explain how Christianity came to Britain ?

Answer 8

ARRRA

800,000 BCE - First Britons worshipped their ancestors

33CE - Jesus’s resurrection

43 CE - Romans invaded Britain and brought religion

300’s - Roman Empire becomes Christian

400’s - Anglo Saxons invade Britain

Many martyrs e.g. Alban, Patrick, Augustine
1st martyr e.g. St Stephen

Spread the word via Churches, monasteries, cathedrals, martyrdom, Benedictine monks etc.

Question 9

Chapter 6: What was the ‘great’ division/split happened in 1054?

Answer 9

The Great Schism occurred in 1054 breaking up of the Christian church into two sections ie. orthodox (east counties) and roman catholic (west)
The biggest impact was Roman Empire.
The reason it occurred: RE, Politics, Social

Question 10

***What was Martin Luther King link to Protestant reformation?

Answer 10

In 1517 Martin Luther questioned the teachings of the Catholic Church in his ‘95 Theses’.

Luther challenged Church practices e.g. indulgences.

This lead to him being accused of being a heretic and being excommunicated.

This led to widespread religious and political reform over the next few centuries. This was known as Protestant Reformation

Question 11

What is a heretic?

Answer 11

Traitor who moves away from Catholic Church

Question 12

What does excommunication mean?

Answer 12

Cut off from the Roman Catholic church

Question 13

***** Explain why there are many denominations in Christianity (6points)

Answer 13

3 x P / E

Christians share many, not all beliefs.

Different groups call denominations arose.

Examples are

1. Catholic Church (catholic)
   Catholics - accepts authority of Pope
2. Church of England (Protestant),
   Quakers (Protestant), Baptist Christians (Protestant)
   Protestant - accepts authority of Bible
3. Orthodox Church (orthodox)
   Orthodox - accepts sacraments essential for salvation

Question 14

What does cathedral mean?

Answer 14

Christian church - home to Bishop

Question 15

What is a bishop?

Answer 15

Supervise multiple churches (priest only supervises one) - they are shepherds of God

Question 16

Where will you find a bishop’s seat in a cathedral?

Answer 16

Behind the altar
Bishop’s seat is called a cathedra

Question 17

Chapter 10: What is the most important part of the Church?

Answer 17

Altar

Question 18

*** Explain the importance of 6 different items that can be found in a catholic church (6 mark questions)

Answer 18

ATLFCC -> FLACCT

1. Altar - Centre or focus point of church - a table which holds the items for Holy communion
2. Tabernacle - A special cupboard where the Eucharist is stored
3. Lecturn - a stand where readings take place. At the side of the sanctuary.
4. Font - Contains holy water where people are baptised
5. Crucifix - a cross with Jesus on - jesus’ suffering
6. Empty Cross - reminder of Jesus’ resurrection

Question 19

***What is the Christian year and when does it start?

Answer 19

Liturgical Year
Celebrates life and mystery of Christ e.g. Easter, Lent, Christmas
Starts First Sunday of Advent
Ends Ordinary Time

Question 20

***State what happens in a Catholic Mass?

Answer 20

GPLOESB
Go Pray Like Ostriches Eating Some Bread

Greeting - people are welcomed
Penitential Rite - people say sorry for their sins / forgiven
Liturgy of the Word - Readings from the bible, prayers etc
Offertory - bread and wine brough to altar
Eucharistic Prayer - body and blood of Jesus
Sign of Peace - peace to each other
Blessing and dismissal - people leave and spread the word

Note:
eat body - we grow in strength
drink blood - we are washed clean

Question 21

***Who is Harriet Tubman?

Answer 21

Harriet Tubman was a slave and escaped in 1849.

She rescued slaves via the Underground Railroad.

Question 22

***** What is the role of the pope? 6 point

Answer 22

3 x P / E

Pope is as the Head of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome. He is a direct successor of St Peter (leader of apostles). He represents direct line back to Jesus.

266 popes

1. He can appoint Bishops - ensure word spreads on Pope’s vision
2. He can select College of Cardinal members - one will be his successor
3. He gives a weekly blessing particularly areas in hardship e.g. earthquakes or war
4. He writes papal encyclicas

He can confirm if a person can be a saint (canonisation)

Question 23

**** How does a priest serve the people in his parish? 6point

Answer 23

1. Manages day-to-day work in church
2. Celebrates mass and preaches the gospel
3. Leads the people in his parish
4. Brings new members into Church - baptism
5. Hears confessions and provides spiritual directions
6. He carries out the Church’s mission
7. He conducts marriages
8. Sacrament of the sick - anointing and praying
9. Assists the Bishops
10. Distributes holy communion

Question 24

**** What is the process by which a priest is ordained? 6 point

Answer 24

1. Calling - feels God is calling him and prays/seeks guidance from a priest. Accepted by bishop and will start many years of training. he will promise to obey the Bishop and promise celibacy.
2. Holy orders - bishop accepts the priest - he receives the sacrament of Holy orders or ordination. This means commitment to God and Catholic Church
3. Gospel and Litany - lies flat on the ground showing he has freely chosen to be ordained
4. Laying on of Hands - Bishop lays his hand on head and says prayer of Consecration. Man is now a priest.
5. Anoints - Bishop anoints priests hands with Oil of Chrism to make them holy.

Question 25

***What is canonisation?

Answer 25

When a dead person is declared a Saint by the Pope

Question 26

What are papal Encyclicas?

Answer 26

Letter written by a Pope to a particular audience of Bishops.

Question 27

****How is a Pope elected?

Answer 27

Popes are chosen by the College of Cardinals. They meet in Vatican to cast their vote in a secret ballot. 2 ballots a day. There must be 120 cardinals to vote. They can only leave when a new Pope is elected. 2/3+1 for a new vote Pope to be elected This is known as Papal election - or Conclave.

Question 28

***What are the different titles of a Pope?

Answer 28

1. Pope 2. Holy Father 3. Bishop of Rome 4. Vicar of Christ 5. Servant of the Servants of God

Question 29

What is a Conclave?

Answer 29

Meeting of college of cardinals to select a pope

Question 30

***What is the role of the Cardinal?

Answer 30

Servants to the Pope They support the Pope and pledge they will be available at any time.

Question 31

***Who is Pope Francis?

Answer 31

266th Pope in 2013 Was a priest, Bishop of Buenos Aires, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Cardinal in 2001

Question 32

What is a papal name?

Answer 32

Newly appointed pope chooses his own name - this represents passions and interests in his reign.

Question 33

**** 8 point e.g. To be a Christian you need to go to Mass

Answer 33

Some Christians believe you need to go to Mass 1. Spiritual connection / support - helps remind us that Jesus should be our number one priority 2. Community building - building relationships is the same as what Jesus did when He was on earth 3. New ideas through Bible study - helps us grow in different ways However, some Christians don't go to mass 1. As God is everywhere - you can pray in private or wherever/whenever they want 2. You are still Christian if you don't go to church. You can still have a close relationship with Jesus. Moses, John the Baptist didn't go to Church but were very close to God. They had other events that they would go to. I personally go occasionally and feel the value that it brings when being part of the parish, to learn and grow and feel closer to God.

Question 34

**** 8 point e.g Easter is the most important time of the Christian year

Answer 34

Some people agree Easter is the most important time of the Christian year 1 Celebrates Jesus' death and resurrection - When Jesus rose again it was God's way of showing that he cannot be defeated 2. Celebrates even though people sin, they have been saved by Jesus' sacrifice 3. Central to what Christianity is all about as preparation involves spiritual discipline e.g. 40 days of lent. This reminds us of Jesus fasting in the desert However, others would disagree 1. Easter is too commercialised -- It’s already on a weekend, it’s not a national holiday, and no one is singing Easter carols! 2. Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, the coming of the Messiah our saviour. I believe Easter is more important as it celebrates Jesus' victory over death. It begins with Lent and many special services at Church are held.

Question 34

***8 Point Priest should be allowed to marry

Answer 34

Some people agree Priests should marry 1. There is no law by God that advises this - it should be up to the priest to decide. Jesus's apostle St Peter (first pope) was married. 2. The marriage relationship can also be a source of great emotional support for the priest 3. It is unnatural to be single - the Priest may be more distant from ordinary life/parish community However, others would disagree 1. An unmarried priest may be able to give more time to God's work. Paul makes it clear that being single allows one's attention to be undivided in serving the Lord. 2. Although not written tin the Bible, Jesus did however, by his own example, and in teaching, offer an invitation to celibacy “for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven.” I believe priests should be allowed to marry because this does not impact their role in guiding the parish.

Question 35

What is a Holy See

Answer 35

the government of the Roman Catholic Church, led by Pope

Question 36

Who are Swiss guards?

Answer 36

Responsible for security of pope and vatican

Question 37

What is pacacy?

Answer 37

Time as a pope

Question 38

**** Explain why Catholics believe in the authority of the pope?

Answer 38

1. Direct line to Jesus/ direct success of Peter (the first Pope) 2. Pope is a shepherd to guide people of God 3. Their considerable vocation e.g. priest, bishop, cardinal means that they can speak with knowledge on teachings

Question 39

**** St Peter is the most Christian martyr - agree or degree

Answer 39

1. Peter was the first person to recognise Jesus as the Son of God without being told... 1. Peter performed a miracle in Christ's name 2. He was the first Bishop of Rome / Pope 3. He was given a papal names which suggest link to Pope (Original name; Simon) 4. Jesus gave him the 'keys to the Kingdom of Heaven' 5. He founded church in Rome, laying foundation of future Popes

Question 40

**** Canonisation is the most important role the pope does... agree or disagree