Unit 1: Control Of Gene Expression Flashcards
(33 cards)
Anticodon
A sequence of three bases on a tRNA molecule which specifies the particular amino acid.
Codon
A sequence of three bases on a mRNA which codes for an amino acid.
Exons
The fragments of coding mRNA which join together to form the mature transcript.
Introns
The non-coding section of RNA that is removed to crest the mature RNA transcript.
Gene Expression
Transcription and Translation
Mature Messenger RNA (mRNA)
This carries a copy of the DNA code to the ribosomes.
Molecular Interactions
The various chemical links that join amino acids and give protein molecules their shape.
Peptide Bonds
The bond that joins two amino acids together.
Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism.
Polypeptide
A chain of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds.
Post-translational Modification
The changes that are made to a polypeptide following translation.
Primary Transcript
The molecule that is made when DNA is transcribed.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
The type of RNA that makes up ribosomes.
Ribosome
The site of protein synthesis where translation occurs.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, which occurs in several forms in cells.
RNA Polymerase
The enzyme involved in the synthesis of primary transcripts from DNA.
RNA Splicing
The joining of the exons following the removal of introns from a primary transcript.
Transcription
The copying of a DNA sequence to make a primary transcript.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
The transfer of specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes.
Translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide chain from a sequence of mRNA.
Uracil
The RNA base that is not found in DNA, pairs with Adenine.
Amino acid
The units that make up a polypeptide structure.
Genotype
The genetic information that is contained within a cell.
Three-dimensional Structure
The final overall shape that a protein takes based on how it is folded and how the polypeptide chains in it interact.
