Unit 1:Democratization

Question 1

Define Democratization

Democratization

Answer 1

process of transitioning a government or society towards a more democratic system, where power is shared among the people and there is an emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.

Involves any characteristics of democracy but may not involve them all.

Question 2

what are the 3 waves of Democratization ?

Waves of Democratization

Answer 2

1. First wave
2. Second wave
3. Third wave

Question 3

Explain the First wave of democratization

First wave

Answer 3

began through the origins of democracy. There is no established date as it was established overtime.

Question 4

Explain the second wave of democratization

Second wave

Answer 4

began through the allied victory after WWII 🗡. It went on until the 1960s.

Question 5

Explain the third wave of democratization

Third Wave

Answer 5

characterized by the defeat of dictatorships all across Latin America in the 1970s.

Mexico lost of single party-rule is part of this wave

Question 6

Define Democratic backslide

Democractic Backslide

Answer 6

When a government adopts policies or rule that impede the ability of a democratic election to take place

involve a decline in political rights, civil liberties, and rule of law.

Question 7

Define Democratic consolidation

Democratic Consolidation

Answer 7

Process in which a country adopts and reinforces its democracy.

involves strengthening democratic institutions

Question 8

What are some way to achieve democratic consolidation?

Democratic consolidation

Answer 8

• Maturing elections rules
• Emphasizing separation of powers
• Protection of civil liberties

Democratic consolidation make it harder nondemocratic gov’t to take over

Question 9

what are somethings that cause Democratic backslide?

Democratic backslide

Answer 9

• poverty
• corruption
• rise of populism
• lose of civil liberties

Question 10

Give an example of Nigeria’s rule of law

Nigeria

Answer 10

Nigerian legislature directly elected by people rejected the president’s bid to add a 3rd term to presidency in 2006.

Question 11

Define democratic wave

Democratic waves

Answer 11

the periods in history when there is a significant increase in the number of countries that transition to democracy.

Question 12

Give an example of Mexico’s rule of law

Mexico

Answer 12

President Nieto leaves after his term and AMLO for rival party wins election for presidency (2019)

Question 13

Give an example of Uk’s rule of law

United kingdom

Answer 13

Example 1: Commons voted to prohibit military airstrikes against Syria (2013)
Example 2: Commons rejected prime ministers’ initial Brexit EU withdrawal policy in 2019.

Question 14

Give an example of Iran’s authoritarian rule by law

Iran

Answer 14

Brutal coercion and violent suppression of 2009 election protestors

Question 15

Give an example of Russia’s authoritarian rule by law

Russia

Answer 15

Example 1:Invasion and Annexation of Crimea(2014)
Example 2: support of 2020 referendum that changed constitution allowing Putin to extend his rule

Question 16

Give an example of China’s authoritarian rule by law

China

Answer 16

President Xi end constitutional term limits with legislative support which allows Xi to extend his rule up to 10 years.

Question 17

Give an example of Nigeria’s free and fair elections

Nigeria

Answer 17

In 2015, Nigeria had it’s first transfer power from one party
to a rival party due to election result.

Question 18

Give an example of Mexico’s free and fair elections

Mexico

Answer 18

Mexico’s first transfer power from one party to a rival party
due to election result in 2000 ( PRI to PAN).

Question 19

Give an example of UK’s free and fair elections

United Kingdom

Answer 19

Conservative Party wins commons elections of 2010
after 13 years of Labour Party control.

Question 20

Give an example of Russia’s unfair elections

Russia

Answer 20

Vladimir Putin never forced into 2nd round runoff election by a rival. Won majority of vote in 1st round in all four presidential elections

Question 21

Give an example of Iran’s unfair elections

Iran

Answer 21

Supreme leader directly andindirectly appoints all of Guardian Council; GC vets candidates to prevent moderates and political dissidents from running for the
national legislature

Question 22

Give an example of China’s unfair elections

China

Answer 22

No direct elections for national
governmental positions