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Biology Grade 11 > Unit 1: Diversity > Flashcards

Unit 1: Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Animalia - Sponges
- asymmetrical
- no tissues or organs
- colony of specialized cells
- filter feeders
- sessile as adults
- good powers of regeneration

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2
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Animalia - Jellyfish, corals, anemones
- radial symmetry
- two tissue layers (inner mesoglea)
- primitive nerve net but no brain
- 2-way digestive tract
- stinging cells for capturing food

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3
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Animalia - Flatworms
- bilateral symmetry
- primative brain
- 3 tissue layers

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4
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Animalia - Roundworms
- No cilia or flagella
- surrounded by a protective cuticle
- can only bend side to side
- no circulatory or respiratiry system
- in unfavourable conditions can suspend life processes

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5
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Animalia - segmented worms
- earthworms
- one way digestive tract
- well developed digestive and circulatory systems

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6
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Animalia - snails, slugs, clams
- either have no shell one shell or two shells
- have a hard mouth part

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7
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Animalia - insects, centipedes, millipedes
- exoskeleton made of chitin
- must shed shell to grow

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8
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Animalia - sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars
- radial symmetry in adults and bilateral in larvae
- tube feet and water vascualr system
- most exhibit pentamerism

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9
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

Animalia - fish, birds, mammals
- dorsal hollow nerve tube
- notochord
- pharyngeal gill slits
- post anal tail

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10
Q

What defines a fungi

A
  • Firm cell walls (chitin)
  • spores as reproductive bodies
  • unique chromosomes and nuclei
  • includes mold, yeasts, rusts, and mushrooms
  • eukaryotic and absorptive
  • mostly unicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • mycelium
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11
Q

What defines an animal

A
  • eukaryotic
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • no cell wall
  • motile in some stage of life
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12
Q

Phylum Chytridiomycota

A

Fungi
- mainly aquatic
- some saprobic, some parasitic
- Chitin cell wall
- flagellated zoospores

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13
Q

Phylum Zygomycota

A

Fungi - bread molds
- zygote = “mated” hyphal strands
- live in soil and water
- some are parasites

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14
Q

Phylum Ascomycota

A

Fungi - truffles, yeast
- decomposers
- pathogens
- have asci (fruiting body)

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15
Q

Phylum Basidiomycota

A

Fungi -
- have a basidium (fruiting body, club shaped) that produces basidiospores
- food
- plant disease

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16
Q

Phylum Deuteromycota

A

Fungi - no longer exist - athletes foot
- saprobial, parasitic, predatory
- produce conidia
- mostly classified as ascomycota
- asexual
- penicillin

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17
Q

Lichens

A

A fusion of fungi and a unicellular producer (protist or a eubacteria)

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18
Q

Phylum Cercezoa

A

Animal-like - amoebas (endamoeba hystolitica- feeding on the lining of the small intestine)
- no cell wall
- use internal cytoskeleton to move
- pseudopods for feeding and moving

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19
Q

Phylum Ciliophora

A

Animal-like - balantidium coli (parasite in large intestine)
- have cilia, help with movement and sweeping food particles into the cell

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20
Q

Phylum Zoomastigina

A

Animal-like - species living in termites (mutualistic relationship)
- have a flagella to move
- have a hard protective layer covering their outer membrane
- some freeliving, parasitic, some in mutualistic relationships

21
Q

Phylum Sporozoa

A

Animal-like - plasmodium (cause malaria in humans)
- parasites of animals
alternated between sexual and asexual reproduction
- alternate between 2 hosts

22
Q

Phylum Chrysophyta

A

Plant-like - pinnularia (important oxygen producer and indicator of pollution)
- rigid cell walls (made up of two unequal parts)
- Mostly asexual reproduction by mitosis (sexual under unfavourable conditions)

23
Q

Phylum Pyrrophyta

A

Plant-like - Pfiesterua Piscicids (cause large fish kills and algae booms)
- 2 flagella
- move by spinning through water
- can cause red tide
- some are in mutulistic relationships
- cause coral bleaching when temeratures rise

24
Q

Phylum Euglenophyta

A

Plant-like - Phacus (photosynthetic, live in ditches, swamps, and ponds)
- photosynthesis
- have flagella and can absorb nutrients
- autotrophs in the sun and heterotrophs in the dark
- have an eyespot

25
Phylum Phaeophyta
Plant-like - kelp - brown algae - grow in high density - they have a stipe (long rod blades are attached too), blades (leaves), and a holdfast - Photosynthesis
26
Phylum Rhodophyta
Plant-like - Nori (food) - red algae - up to a meter in length - in warm coastal areas - can produce pigment that allows red algae to thrive deep in the ocean
27
Phylum Chlorophyta
Plant-like - Ulva (sea lettuce) - green algae - mostly aquatic - closest to plants - cellulose walls
28
Plasmodial slime molds
Fungi-like - visible to unaided eye - contains many neclei - engluf small particles off food into their cytoplasm - some cytoplasm forms a skeletal structure
29
cellular slime molds
Fungi-like - individual amoebe cells with one nucleus each - injest tiny bacteria or yeast cells - can release a chemical that gathers them togethet to form a pseudolasmodium
30
Water molds
Fungi-like - filamentous - resemble fungi - most live on dead organic matter - some parasites of fish, insects, and plants
31
What are the taxa levels?
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
32
How do you write names in binomial nomenclature?
Genus species - capitalize genus - lowercase species - if types italisized - if written underlined
33
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Eubacteria, Archeabacteria, plantae, protista, animalia, fungi
34
What defines a plant?
- photosynthesis - eukaryotic - multicellular - autotrophic - sexual reproduction - cellulose cell wall
35
Charactersitics of eubacteria
- prokaryotic - unicellular - autotrophic and heterotrophic - cell wall is peptidoglycan - asexual
36
Charactersitics of archeabacteria
- prokaryotic - unicellular - occasionally no cell wall - autotrophic and heterotrophic - asexual
37
What is a virus and why are they not alive?
A virus is an infectious agent that contains nucleic acid covered by a capsid. They are not alive because they rely on a host cell to live. They can not live independantly.
38
What is a retrovirus?
A retrovirus is a virus with RNA instead of DNA that uses an enzyme to become part of it's host cells DNA to replicate.
39
What is the lytic cycle?
The active cycle - inserts DNA - DNA directs host cell to produce viral components like proteins and copies of the virus DNA - Using these components new viruses are made - The cell lyses and releases the new viruses
40
What is the lysogenic cycle?
The dormant cycle - inserts DNA - DNA inserts itself into chromosome - The DNA is then replicated with the cells DNA - Binary fission happens (cell division) - provirus then leaves the hosts chromosomes
41
How do we classify viruses?
- what they affect - shape and structure of their capsid (helical symmetry of cubic symmetry) - type of genetic material - method of infection
42
What is the difference between archae and bacteria?
- Bacteria cell walls contain peptidogycan while archae never do - both prokaryotic - both unicellular - both heterotrophic and autotrophic
43
What is a plasmid?
Small loops fo DNA and containing genes
44
Gram + and Gram -
- Gram positive turns purple and has a thick cell wall layer - Gram negative turns pink and has a thin cell wall layer
45
What is binary fissions and conjugation?
- binary fission is asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells - conjugation is the prcess in which there is a transfer of genetic material involving two cells
46
What is budding?
- asexual reproduction in fungi - A new organism develops from a bud on an existing organism
47
What is fragmentation
- asexual reproduction in fungi - The body of the organism breaks into pieces each producing a new organism
48
Germ layers
Ectoderm - outer layer mesoderm - middle layer endoderm - inner layer
49
How do we classify animals?
- number of germ layer - body plan and cavities - body symmetry - segmentation - reproduction

Biology Grade 11 (3 decks)

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