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National 5: Physics > Unit 1: Electricity and Energy > Flashcards

Unit 1: Electricity and Energy Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Electrons

A

Orbit nucleus and have a negative charge

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2
Q

Like Charges

A

Repel

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3
Q

Opposite Charges

A

Attract

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4
Q

Electric Charge

A

Given the symbol Q. Measured in Coulombs(C)

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5
Q

Charge of an Electron

A

-1.6 x10-19C

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6
Q

In an electric field electrons

A

Accelerate towards a positive voltage and away from a negative voltage

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7
Q

Electric Field Line

A

Diagram which shows the direction of the force a small positive charge would experience

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8
Q

Field Line Rules

A

Lines are continuous

Lines never touch or cross

Closer the lines are to each other, the stronger the electric field

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9
Q

Current

A

Amount of charge flowing through a conductor each second. GIven symbol I and measured in Amperes(A)

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10
Q

Measuring Current

A

Use an ammeter

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11
Q

Potential Difference (Voltage)

A

The amount of energy transferred per coulomb of charge. Given symbol V and measured in Volts(V)

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12
Q

Direct Current (d.c.)

A

Steady voltage provided causing a steady flow of electrons in one direction. Appears as straight line on oscilloscope

Example: Batteries

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13
Q

Alternating Current (a.c.)

A

Mains or signal generator provides a voltage which changes with a constantly changing direction resulting in electrons moving backwards and forwards

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14
Q

Mains Voltage

A

Average - 230V

Peak - 325 V

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15
Q

Mains Frequency

A

50 Hz

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16
Q

Uniform Field

A

One of Constant Strength

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17
Q

Resistance

A

Property of a conductor to oppose current. Given symbol R and measured in Ohms(Ω​)

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18
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Current in the resistor is proportional to the voltage across it

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19
Q

Voltage Divider Circuit

A

2 or more resistors are connected in series, sharing the voltage between them

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20
Q

Non-Ohmic Conductors

A

Current through the conductor is NOT proportional to the voltage across it. Example - Light Bulb

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21
Q

Light Bulb Resistance

A

As temperature of light bulb gets bigger its resistance increases

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22
Q

Diode

A

Semi-conductor that only allows current to flow in one direction. Only conducts when more than 0.7 V is applied

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23
Q

Cell

A

Transfers chemical energy to electric energy providing electric energy to make charge move in a circuit

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24
Q

Battery

A

Transfers chemical energy to electric energy providing electric energy to make charge move in a circuit

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25
Resistor
Made from various compounds or resistance wire, designed to limit the current in a circuit
26
Variable Resistor
Used to vary the current size in a circuit
27
Fuse
Made with a wire which melts when the current exceeds a limit, designed to break the circuit to protect other components
28
Lamp
Transfers electric energy into light (and heat)
29
Motor
Transfers electric energy into kinetic energy
30
Voltmeter
Measures the voltage across a component
31
Ohmmeter
Measures the resistance of a component
32
Series Circuit
All the components are in a single loop IS=I1=I2=... VS=V1+V2+... RT=R1+R2+...
33
Parallel Circuit
There are junctions and branches. More than one path for current to flow VP=V1=V2=... IP=I1+I2+... 1/Rp= 1/R1 + 1/R2+ 1/R3...
34
Solar Cell
Transfers light energy to electric energy
35
Microphone
Transfers sound energy into electric energy
36
Thermocouple
Transfers heat energy to electric energy
37
Light Dependant Resistor (LDR)
When exposed to light its resistance decreases
38
Thermistor
When heated its resistance decreases
39
Relay Switch
When current is passed through it , it closes a metal switch completing a second circuit
40
Capacitor
Device that stores charge
41
Bipolar Transistor
When voltage between base and emitter \> 0.7V it conducts along the collector as well / turns on Electrical Switch
42
MOSFET
When voltage between gate and source \>2V conducts along drain-source/turns on Electrical Switch
43
Energy
Given symbol **E**. Measured in **Joules**(**J**)
44
Power
Energy transferred per second. Given symbol **P**. Measured in **Watts** (**W**)
45
Types of Energy
Heat Light Sound Electric Gravitational Potential Nuclear Elastic Chemical
46
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can not be created or destroyed but it can be converted ir transferred from one form to another
47
Potential/Kinetic Conservation Equation
v = √2gh
48
Electromagnetic Induction
A changing magnetic field around a coil of wire unduces a potential difference
49
Increasing Induced Potential Difference/Current
Increase magnetic field strangth Increase speed of movement Increase number of turns on the coil
50
Temperature
Measure of the kinetic energy of individual particles in the material. Given symbol **T** and measured in **Degrees Celcius** (**ºC**) or **Kelvin**
51
Heat Energy
Measure of the combined kinetic energy of all the particles in the material
52
Specific Heat Capacity
Energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1ºC. Given symbol **c** and measured in **Jkg-1ºC-1**
53
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Energy required to change 1kg of solid at its melting point to 1kg of liquid. Given symbol **lf** and measured in **Joules per Kilogram** (**Jkg-1**)
54
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
Energy required to change 1kg of liquid at is boiling point to 1kg of gas. Given symbol **lv** and measured in **Joules per Kilogram** (**Jkg-1**)
55
Pressure
Force per unit area. Measured in Pascals (**Pa**) and given symbol **P**
56
Kinetic Theory
Gas made of atoms and molecules Atoms and molecules move around randomly in all directions Atoms and molecules collide elastically with each other and walls of container, exerting a small force As temperature of atoms and molecules increases so does their kinetic energy
57
Air Pressure
Sum of forces over area of a container or substance. Atmosphere causes 100kPa
58
Boyle's Law
If the volume of a gas is halved its pressure doubles (assuming constant mass and temperature) P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
59
Converting Celcius to Kelvin
Add 273
60
Absolute Zero
-273ºC or 0K
61
Pressure Law
If temperature (in kelvin) of gas is doubled its pressure doubles (assuming constant mass and volume) P1/T1 = P2/T2
62
Charles' Law
If temperature (in kelvin) of a gas is doubled its volume doubles (assuming constant mass and pressure) V1/T1 = V2/T2
63
General Gas Law
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
64
Kinetic Theory - P+V
As volume increases particles move further apart meaning less frequent collisions with the walls of the container Total Force Decreases Area of walls increases P=F/A so pressure decreases
65
Kinetic Theory - P+T
As temperature increases particles' kinetic energy increases and they speed up. Means more frequent collisions, each with a greater force Total Force increases P=F/A so pressure increases
66
Kinetic Theory - V+T
As temperature rises the kinetic energy of particles increases. Means more frequent collisions, each with a greater force Volume must increase to reduce number of collision so pressure is unchanged

National 5: Physics (3 decks)

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