Unit 1 Exam Ch. 18 and 19A

Question 1

Andrew Carnegie (good and bad about him)

Answer 1

He was a philanthropist but his employees underpaid, long hours, dangerous conditions.

Question 2

Famous banker Tycoon

Answer 2

JP Morgan

Question 3

The start of Big Business/What were those aspects of big business

Answer 3

bureaucracy, large corporations, new technology, capital investments, entrepreneurs.

Question 4

What was the name of Rockerfeller’s company

Answer 4

Standard Oil Trust

Question 5

what is nativism?

Answer 5

discrimination by native born of new immigrants/hated them, would steal from them, did not want them to succeed.

Question 6

Burgess model of population around the city/shape?

Answer 6

centric ring pattern (from inner: CBD central business district, factories, tenements (poor workers), middle class, upper class.)

Question 7

First skyscraper and when, where?

Answer 7

Home Insurance Bldg, 1885, Chicago

Question 8

Which reformer wrote “How the Other Half Lives” and when?

Answer 8

Jacob Riis, 1889

Question 9

Aspects of a bureaucracy

Answer 9

impersonal, hierarchy, rules to follow, multi-levels of management

Question 10

What city was and is the nation’s transportation hub

Answer 10

Chicago

Question 11

Explain regional specialization

Answer 11

raw materials in the west sent to industrial complex in the NE.

Question 12

What is the industrial complex and where

Answer 12

where goods from the west are sent to be processed and traded. In the NE.

Question 13

What did the new industrial cities offer people

Answer 13

employment opportunities, pools of capital and labor, markets to sell goods.

Question 14

Who were the “new immigrants”

Answer 14

Foreign born from southern and eastern Europe (jews, pols, russians, italians) - 1901-1910 (discriminated against for darker skin and poor)

Question 15

What company did Standard Oil Trust eventually become?

Answer 15

Exxon Mobile

Question 16

what did some people call these new tycoons (slur)

Answer 16

robber barons

Question 17

What was the new frontier?

Answer 17

The city

Question 18

Who was the first billionaire and how did he make his fortune?

Answer 18

John D. Rockerfeller/Oil refining (bought many refineries/controlled business by refining)

Question 19

What is morganization

Answer 19

merging companies for efficiency as condition of lending money. Larger companies and more profits.

Question 20

What is the second innovation of Andrew Carnegie?

Answer 20

Vertical integration: handle raw materials, manufacturing using Bessemer process, and distribution to railroads. (controlled the whole process/brings price down from 67 to 17 a ton).

Question 21

How many workers in the US died between 1880-1900

Answer 21

35,000 workers

Question 22

who were “old immigrants”

Answer 22

From North and Western Europe/from England, Germany, Scandinavia - 1881-1890

Question 23

First steel tycoon

Answer 23

Andrew Carnegie

Question 24

First Big Business

Answer 24

Railroads (steam engines)

Question 25

What became the first billion dollar company? Bought from Carnegie by who, and for how much?

Answer 25

US Steel Company/bought by JP Morgan for $440 mil.

Question 26

What is the Bessemer process and how efficient was it/who utilized it?

Answer 26

Converts iron into steel-15 minutes to make one rail as opposed to 2 days prior to that? Andrew Carnegie used it.

Question 27

Years of Northern urbanization

Answer 27

1870-1900

Question 28

What company became the first monopoly

Answer 28

Standard Oil Trust

Question 29

When did steel production spike

Answer 29

WWI-1914-military use (battle ships and tanks)

Question 30

What is the name of the first famous union

Answer 30

AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Question 31

Who did the American Federation of Labor help

Answer 31

Skilled, native born workers

Question 32

First Tycoon and what he produced

Answer 32

Cornelius Vanderbilt/Railroad tycoon (1st)

Question 33

Years of Northern Industrialization

Answer 33

1860-1890

Question 34

Vanderbilt famous quote

Answer 34

"The public be damned"