Unit 1: Global Tapestry (1250 - 1450)

Question 1

Song Dynasty

Answer 1

Revival of Confuscianism continued from Tang - Key idea = Filiel Piety; Used imperial bureacracy; Also affected by Buddhism

Question 2

Confuscianism

Answer 2

Philosophy on how human society is hierarchical by nature - composed of unequal relationships

Question 3

Filiel Piety

Answer 3

Practice of honoring one’s ancestors and parents

Question 4

Neo-Confuscianism

Answer 4

Confuscianism + Buddhist + Daoist philisophical ideas; Syncretic system; Emphasized ethics

Question 5

Revival of Confuscianism

Answer 5

Continuation between ancient China + Song; Change / innovation (Neo-C); Used to maintain + justify rule

Question 6

Women in Song Dynasty

Answer 6

Relagated to subordinate position in hierarchy; Rights were restricted (legal; property); Foot-binding

Question 7

Foot-binding

Answer 7

Painful technique for upper class women that showed they didn’t have to do manuel labor; Status symbol for elite men; Restricted ability to move → Participate in public sphere

Question 8

Bureacracy

Answer 8

Governmental group that carries out the order of the emperor

Question 9

Imperial Bureacracy

Answer 9

Grew + used to maintain + justify Song rule through CSE

Question 10

Civil Service Examination

Answer 10

Exam based on Confuscianism; Ensured bureacracy staffed with most qualified men - jobs awarded on merit / skill → Increased competency + efficiency of bureacratic tasks

Question 11

Song influence in Korea

Answer 11

Tributary relationship (China is best) - Imitated Chinese politics + culture but retained strong aristocracy

Question 12

Song influence in Japan

Answer 12

Used Chinese culture voluntarily

Question 13

Japan Government

Answer 13

Feudal society without centralized government; Daimyo fought for control; Most people = rice farmers

Question 14

Daimyo

Answer 14

Japanese landowning aristocrats

Question 15

Japanese vs European Feudalism

Answer 15

Little social mobility; Hierarchies; Japan: serfs → samurai → daimyo; Europe: serfs → knights → nobles → monarch; Daimyo had more power than nobles - more powerful than shogun; Japan: bushido; Europe: Code of chivalry

Question 16

Bushido

Answer 16

Ideal knight code in Japan; More aggressive than chivalry code in Europe

Question 17

Song influence in Vietnam

Answer 17

Tributary relationship (China is best) -Maintain independent gender + social structures → Rebellions against Chinese influence

Question 18

Polygyny

Answer 18

Practice of having more than 1 one at the same time

Question 19

Tributary System in Song

Answer 19

Other states had to pay money / goods to honor emperor; Economic + political power over foreign countries for China; Emperor in return gave them Chinese goods which were more valuable

Question 20

Artisans

Answer 20

Skilled craftsperson who makes / creates material objects primarily by hand

Question 21

Meritocracy

Answer 21

Government with people selected based on their ability / skill

Question 22

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 22

Belief that Chinese emperor had divine right to rule given by god; Emperor has absolute power but responsibility to rule for the good of his people

Question 23

Economy in Song

Answer 23

Best in the world at the time; Commercialization of Economy; Iron + steel production; Innovations in agriculture + transportation; Proto-industrialization

Question 24

Proto-industrialization

Answer 24

Set of economic changes where people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell; Home/community-based productions with simple materials

Question 25

Commercialization of Economy in Song

Answer 25

China produced more goods than needed → Sell excess on world market → Use of paper money → Use of credit / promissory notes

Question 26

Iron + Steel in Song

Answer 26

Produced by large scale manufacturers + home-based artisans; Enough to create all armor for war + coins + tools for agriculture

Question 27

Champa rice

Answer 27

Agricultural innovation in Song China; Dought resistant + harvested twice a year → Double agricultural output → Population growth

Question 28

Grand Canal

Answer 28

Linked Yellow + Yanzi River → Cheap trade + economic growth; Internal trade

Question 29

Technology in Song

Answer 29

Magnetic compass + New shipbuilding techniques → Improve naval navigation + trade; Gunpowder → Guns; Woodblock printing → Producers of literature (mostly upper class)

Question 30

Scholar gentry

Answer 30

New social class of educated individuals who held high social status + have significant role in governance + education + community leadership

Question 31

Social Hierarchy in Song

Answer 31

SG → Farmers → Artisans → Merchants (Confuscianism care about hard work - merchants only exchange goods) → Peasants

Question 32

Buddhism

Answer 32

Came to China through Silk Roads from India; Philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) that teaches how to overcome suffering + achieve enlightenment through practices like meditation + 4 Noble Truths + 8 Fold Path

Question 33

Daoism

Answer 33

Chinese philosophy + religion emphasizing harmony with natural order (the Dao) of universe

Question 34

Syncretic

Answer 34

Combination of different beliefs / systems / practices

Question 35

Junks

Answer 35

Chinese trade ships in Song

Question 36

Dar al-Islam

Answer 36

House of Islam; Spread of Islam into Middle East + North and Sub-Saharan Africa + Europe + South Asia

Question 37

Judaism

Answer 37

Monotheistic religion; Originated in Middle East; Jesus is not Messiah

Question 38

Christianity

Answer 38

Monotheistic religion; Established by Jewish prophet Jesus - Came from Judaism; Jesus is Son of God + Messiah

Question 39

Islam

Answer 39

Monotheistic religion; Founded by Muhammad; Salvation is found in righteous actions; Muslims believe he is prophet but not divine

Question 40

Islamic vs Christian States

Answer 40

Islamic states are more prosperous because Jesus didn't like in accumulating riches

Question 41

Spread of Islam

Answer 41

Increased trading connections in Dar-al-Islam; Rise of empires (Abbasid Caliphate)

Question 42

Abbasid Caliphate

Answer 42

Ethically Arab; In power during Golden Age of Islam; Fragment → Rise of new Islamic empires that were mostly made up of Turkic people (*NOT Arab)

Question 43

House of Wisdom

Answer 43

Center of learning; Prominent library + academy in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age

Question 44

Mamluks

Answer 44

Enslaved people bought by Arabs from AC; Turkish; Serve as soldiers + bureacrats → More power than other enslaved; Took over gov. in Egypt

Question 45

Mamluk Sultanate

Answer 45

Trade in cotton + sugar between Islamic world + Europe → Portuguese + European sea routes for trade → Decline

Question 46

Seljuk Turks

Question 47

Sultan

Question 48

Crusaders

Question 49

Mongols

Question 50

Baghdad

Question 51

Islamic States

Answer 51

Arabs + Persians → All Turks; Ottoman Empire in Turkey + Safavid in Persia + Mughal in India